Bicyclic-fused heteroaryl or aryl compounds as irak4 modulators

ABSTRACT

Compounds, tautomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are disclosed, wherein the compounds have the structure of Formula Ia, as defined in the specification. Corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, methods of treatment, methods of synthesis, and intermediates are also disclosed.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains to compounds useful for the treatment ofautoimmune and inflammatory diseases associated with Interleukin-1Receptor Associated Kinase (IRAK) and more particularly compounds thatmodulate the function of IRAK4.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Protein kinases are families of enzymes that catalyze thephosphorylation of specific residues in proteins, broadly classified intyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. Inappropriate activity arisingfrom dysregulation of certain kinases by a variety of mechanisms isbelieved to underlie the causes of many diseases, including but notlimited to, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, asthma,respiratory diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, bonediseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological and neurodegenerativediseases. As such, potent and selective inhibitors of kinases are soughtas potential treatments for a variety of human diseases.

There is considerable interest in targeting the innate immune system inthe treatment of autoimmune diseases and sterile inflammation. Receptorsof the innate immune system provide the first line of defense againstbacterial and viral insults. These receptors recognize bacterial andviral products as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines and therebyinitiate a signaling cascade that ultimately results in theup-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, andinterferons. Recently it has become apparent that self-generated ligandssuch as nucleic acids and products of inflammation such as high-mobilitygroup protein B1 (HMGB1) and Advanced Glycated End-products (AGE) areligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which are key receptors of theinnate immune system (O'Neill 2003, Kanzler et al., 2007, Wagner 2006).This demonstrates the role of TLRs in the initiation and perpetuation ofinflammation due to autoimmunity.

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a ubiquitouslyexpressed serine/threonine kinase involved in the regulation of innateimmunity (Suzuki & Saito 2006). IRAK4 is responsible for initiatingsignaling from TLRs and members of the IL-1/18 receptor family.Kinase-inactive knock-ins and targeted deletions of IRAK4 in mice werereported to cause reductions in TLR and IL-1 induced pro-inflammatorycytokines (Kawagoe et al., 2007; Fraczek et al., 2008; Kim et al.,2007). IRAK4 kinase-dead knock-in mice have also been shown to beresistant to induced joint inflammation in the antigen-induced-arthritis(AIA) and serum transfer-induced (K/BxN) arthritis models(Koziczak-Holbro 2009). Likewise, humans deficient in IRAK4 also appearto display the inability to respond to challenge by Toll ligands andIL-1 (Hernandez & Bastian 2006). However, the immunodeficient phenotypeof IRAK4-null individuals is narrowly restricted to challenge by grampositive bacteria, but not gram negative bacteria, viruses or fungi.This gram positive sensitivity also lessens with age, implying redundantor compensating mechanisms for innate immunity in the absence of IRAK4(Lavine et al., 2007).

These data indicate that inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase activity should havetherapeutic value in treating cytokine driven autoimmune diseases whilehaving minimal immunosuppressive side effects. Additional recent studiessuggest that targeting IRAK4 may be useful in other inflammatorypathologies such as atherosclerosis and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(Rekhter et al., 2008; Ngo et al., 2011). Therefore, inhibitors of IRAK4kinase activity are potential therapeutics for a wide variety ofdiseases including but not limited to autoimmunity, inflammation,cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and metabolic diseases. See thefollowing references for additional information. N. Suzuki and T. Saito,Trends in Immunology, 2006, 27, 566. T. Kawagoe, S. Sato, A. Jung, M.Yamamoto, K. Matsui, H. Kato, S. Uematsu, O. Takeuchi and S. Akira,Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007, 204, 1013. J. Fraczek, T. W.Kim, H. Xiao, J. Yao, Q. Wen, Y. Li, J.-L. Casanova, J. Pryjma and X.Li, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2008, 283, 31697. T. W. Kim, K.Staschke, K. Bulek, J. Yao, K. Peters, K.-H. Oh, Y. Vandenburg, H. Xiao,W. Qian, T. Hamilton, B. Min, G. Sen, R. Gilmour and X. Li, Journal ofExperimental Medicine, 2007, 204, 1025. M. Koziczak-Holbro, A.Littlewood-Evans, B. Pollinger, J. Kovarik, J. Dawson, G. Zenke, C.Burkhart, M. Muller and H. Gram, Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2009, 60, 1661.M. Hernandez and J. F. Bastian, Current Allergy and Asthma Reports,2006, 6, 468. E. Lavine, R. Somech, J. Y. Zhang, A. Puel, X. Bossuyt, C.Picard, J. L. Casanova and C. M. Roifman, Journal of Allergy andClinical Immunology, 2007, 120, 948. M. Rekhter, K. Staschke, T.Estridge, P. Rutherford, N. Jackson, D. Gifford-Moore, P. Foxworthy, C.Reidy, X.-d. Huang, M. Kalbfleisch, K. Hui, M.-S. Kuo, R. Gilmour and C.J. Vlahos, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2008,367, 642. O'Neill, L. A. (2003). “Therapeutic targeting of Toll-likereceptors for inflammatory and infectious diseases.” Curr Opin Pharmacol3(4): 396. Kanzler, H et al., (2007) “Therapeutic targeting of innateimmunity with toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists.” NatureMedicine 13:552. Wagner, H. (2006) “Endogenous TLR ligands andautoimmunity” Advances in Immunol 91: 159. Ngo, V. N. et al., (2011)“Oncogenically active MyD88 mutations in human lymphoma” Nature 470:115.

Co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/678,114, filed by PfizerInc on Apr. 3, 2015, and co-pending U.S. Provisional Application62/204,521, filed on Aug. 13, 2015, describe IRAK4 inhibitors and arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides for compounds of the Formula I,

wherein

X, X′, Y and Y′ are each independently CH or N; Z is C or N; providedthat no more than three of X, X′, Z, Y and Y′ are N;

R¹ is C₁-C₆alkyl or —(C₁-C₆alkyl)_(n)(C₁-C₆cycloalkyl), wherein thealkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with deuterium, halogen,CN, OH, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R² is hydrogen or methyl;

R³ is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitrile, —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b),—(CH₂)_(t)(6- to 10-membered aryl) or a —(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-memberedheteroaryl), having one to three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S,wherein said aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one tothree C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆alkyl, orC₁-C₆ alkoxy; wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxyl,halogen, CN or C₁-C₃alkoxy;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, OH, C₁-C₃alkoxy, or CH₂OR⁷, wherein R⁷ taken together with R¹ is a C₁-C₄alkylene, optionally substituted with halogen or alkyl;

R^(5a) and R^(5b) are each independently hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, orC₁-C₃-alkoxy, wherein said alkyl or alkoxy is optionally substitutedwith one to three deuterium, halogen, OH or CN; or R^(5a) and R^(5b)taken together with the atom to which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl or C₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl orheterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one to three deuterium,halogen, OH, CN or C₁-C₃alkyl;

R⁶ is hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl; or R^(5b) and R⁶ taken together with theatoms to which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl orC₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl;

R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹ or —C(O)R⁹;

R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, or a 5- to10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms, wherein saidalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by oneto three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy;

n is 0 or 1;

t is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or a tautomer ofsaid compound or said salt.

The invention also provides for pharmaceutical compositions comprisingthe compounds, methods of using the compounds, combination therapiesutilizing the compounds and other therapeutic agents and methods ofpreparing the compounds. The invention also provides for intermediatesuseful in the preparation of the compounds of the invention.

In particular, novel bicyclic kinase enzyme inhibitor compounds ofFormula I of the present invention possess a therapeutic role ofinhibiting IRAK4 useful in the area of diseases and/or disorders thatinclude, but are not limited to, cancers, allergic diseases, autoimmunediseases, inflammatory diseases and/or disorders and/or conditionsassociated with inflammation and pain, proliferative diseases,hematopoietic disorders, hematological malignancies, bone disorders,fibrosis diseases and/or disorders, metabolic disorders, muscle diseasesand/or disorders, respiratory diseases, pulmonary disorders, geneticdevelopment diseases, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and/ordisorders, chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies,cardiovascular, vascular or heart diseases, ophthalmic/ocular diseases,wound repair, infection and viral diseases. Therefore, inhibition ofIRAK4 would have the potential for multiple therapeutic indications overa wide range of unmet needs.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to thefollowing detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the inventionand the examples included therein. It is to be understood that thisinvention is not limited to specific methods of synthesis, which may ofcourse vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology usedherein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only andis not intended to be limiting.

All patents, patent applications and references referred to herein arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Other features and advantages of this invention will be apparent fromthis specification and the appendent claims which describe theinvention. There are many features of this invention that are notnecessarily fully captured by the claims. It is understood, however,that all such novel subject matter is part of the invention.

Definitions

Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used inconnection with the present invention have the meaning commonlyunderstood by those of ordinary skill in the art. As used in thespecification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and“the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise.

The term “about” refers to a relative term denoting an approximation ofplus or minus 10% of the nominal value it refers, in one embodiment, toplus or minus 5%, in another embodiment, to plus or minus 2%. For thefield of this disclosure, this level of approximation is appropriateunless the value is specifically stated require a tighter range.

The term “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbonmoiety, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. In oneembodiment from one to six carbon atoms; and in another embodiment fromone to four carbon atoms; and in another embodiment one to three carbonatoms. Non-limiting examples of such substituents include methyl, ethyl,propyl (including n-propyl and isopropyl), butyl (including n-butyl,isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl), pentyl, isoamyl, hexyl and thelike. As appropriate, an alkyl may be optionally substituted at eachcarbon as defined in the claims. Typical substitution includes, but isnot limited to, fluoro, chloro, OH, cyano, alkyl (optionallysubstituted), cycloalkyl and the like.

In some instances, the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbonsubstituent (i.e., alkyl, cycloalkyl, etc.) is indicated by the prefix“C_(x)-C_(y)-” or “C_(x-y)”, wherein x is the minimum and y is themaximum number of carbon atoms in the substituent. Thus, for example,“C₁-C₆-alkyl” or “C₁₋₆ alkyl” refers to an alkyl substituent containingfrom 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Illustrating further, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl orC₃₋₆-cycloalkyl refers to saturated cycloalkyl containing from 3 to 6carbon ring atoms.

Unless otherwise indicated, “alkylene,” by itself or as part of anotherterm, refers to a saturated, branched or straight chain or cyclichydrocarbon diradical of the stated number of carbon atoms, typically1-6 carbon atoms, and having two monovalent radical centers derived bythe removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same or two different carbonatoms of a parent alkane. Typical alkylene radicals include, but are notlimited to methylene (—CH₂—), 1,2-ethylene (—CH₂CH₂—), 2,2-dimethylene,1,3-propylene (—CH₂CH₂CH₂—), 2-methylpropylene, 1,4-butylene(—CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—), and the like; optionally substituted, as appropriate,by 1 to 5 suitable substituents as defined above such as fluoro, chloro,deuteron, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy,trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C₁-C₆)alkyl. When the compounds ofthe invention contain a C₂₋₆alkenyl group, the compound may exist as thepure E (entgegen) form, the pure Z (zusammen) form, or any mixturethereof.

“Alkylidene” or “alkenyl” refers to a divalent group formed from analkane by removal of two hydrogen atoms from the same carbon atom, thefree valencies of which are part of a double bond, optionallysubstituted as described herein. The term alkylidene also includes“allenes” wherein one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its twoadjacent carbon centers, such as, for example, propadiene. Asappropriate, an alkenyl may be optionally substituted at each carbon asdefined in the claims, optionally substituted, as appropriate, by 1 to 5suitable substituents as defined above and herein such as fluoro,chloro, deutero, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy,trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C₁-C₆)alkyl.

“Alkynyl” refers to an aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least onecarbon-carbon triple bond, including straight chain, branched chain orcyclic groups having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, optionallysubstituted as described herein. Preferably, it is a lower alkynylhaving 2 to 6 carbon atoms. For example, as used herein, the term“C₂₋₆alkynyl” is used herein to mean a straight or branched hydrocarbonchain alkynyl radical as defined above having 2 to 6 carbon atoms andone triple bond. As appropriate, an alkynyl may be optionallysubstituted at each carbon as defined in the claims. Typicalsubstitution includes, but is not limited to, optionally substituted, asappropriate, by 1 to 5 suitable substituents as defined above andherein, such as fluoro, chloro, deutero, cyano, trifluoromethyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a nonaromatic ring containing 3 to 10carbons that is fully hydrogenated consisting of mono-, bi- or tricyclicrings. Accordingly, a cycloalkyl may be a single ring, which typicallycontains from 3 to 7 ring atoms. Examples include, but are not limitedto, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Alternatively,2 or 3 rings may be fused together, such as bicyclodecanyl anddecalinyl. The term “cycloalkyl” also includes bridged bicycloalkylsystems such as, but not limited to, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane andbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane. The cycloalkyl group may be optionallysubstituted as described herein, as appropriate, by 1 to 5 suitablesubstituents as defined above such as fluoro, chloro, deutero, cyano,trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy,difluoromethoxy or (C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The term “heterocycloalkyl” means a monovalent saturated moiety,consisting of one to three rings, incorporating one, two, three or fourheteroatoms (selected from N, O or S) and three to 10 carbon atoms. Theheterocycloalkyl may be optionally substituted as defined herein.Examples of heterocycloalkyl moieties include, but are not limited to,optionally substituted piperidinyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl,azepinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl,pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl,morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, quinolinyl,isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, thiadiazolylidinyl, benzothiazolidinyl,benzoazolylidinyl, dihydrofuryl, tetrahydrofuryl, dihydropyranyl,tetrahydropyranyl, thiamorpholinyl, thiamorpholinylsulfoxide,thiamorphilinylsulfone, dihydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl,tetrahydrisoquinolinyl, and the like. Heterocycloalkyls may beoptionally substituted, as appropriate, by 1 to 5 suitable substituentsas defined herein such as fluoro, chloro, deutero, cyano,trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy,difluoromethoxy or (C₁-C₆)alkyl.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroalkyl,” by itself or incombination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, asaturated, straight or branched chain hydrocarbon radical consisting ofthe stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatomsselected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein thenitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogenheteroatom may optionally be quaternized. The heteroatom(s) O, N and Smay be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group. Theheteroatom S may be placed at any position of the heteroalkyl group,including the position at which the alkyl group is attached to theremainder of the molecule. Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “heteroalkylene” by itself or aspart of another substituent means a divalent group derived fromheteroalkyl (as defined above). For heteroalkylene groups, heteroatomscan also occupy either or both of the chain termini.

The term “alkoxy” and “alkyloxy”, which may be used interchangeably,refers to a moiety of the formula —OR, wherein R is a straight chainsaturated alkyl or branched chain saturated alkyl moiety, as definedherein, bonded through an oxygen atom. The alkoxy group may beoptionally substituted as defined herein. Non-limiting examples of suchalkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy,isobutoxy, tertiary butoxy, pentoxy and the like.

The term “aryl” means a carbocyclic aromatic system containing one ortwo rings wherein such rings may be fused. If the rings are fused, oneof the rings must be fully unsaturated and the fused ring(s) may befully saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated. The term“fused” means that a second ring is present (i.e., attached or formed)by having two adjacent atoms in common (i.e., shared) with the firstring. The term “fused” is equivalent to the term “condensed”. The arylgroup may be optionally substituted as defined herein. The term “aryl”embraces aromatic radicals such as phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl,indanyl, biphenyl, benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-onyl, 2,3-dihydro-1Hindenyl and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl. Aryls may be optionallysubstituted, as appropriate, by 1 to 5 suitable substituents as definedabove such as fluoro, chloro, deutero, cyano, trifluoromethyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy, trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or(C₁-C₆)alkyl.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to an aromatic ring structure containingfrom 5 to 6 ring atoms in which at least one of the ring atoms is aheteroatom (i.e., oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur), with the remaining ringatoms being independently selected from the group consisting of carbon,oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl substituentsinclude 6-membered ring substituents such as pyridyl, pyrazyl,pyrimidinyl, and pyridazinyl; and 5-membered ring substituents such astriazolyl, imidazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,2,5-, or 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl andisothiazolyl. In a group that has a heteroaryl substituent, the ringatom of the heteroaryl substituent that is bound to the group may be oneof the heteroatoms, or it may be a ring carbon atom. Similarly, if theheteroaryl substituent is in turn substituted with a group orsubstituent, the group or substituent may be bound to one of theheteroatoms, or it may be bound to a ring carbon atom. The term“heteroaryl” also includes pyridyl N-oxides and groups containing apyridine N-oxide ring.

Further examples include furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl,oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl,pyrazinyl, pyridin-2(1H)-onyl, pyridazin-2(1H)-onyl,pyrimidin-2(1H)-onyl, pyrazin-2(1H)-onyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl,pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinyl,6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[c]pyridinyl,1,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazolyl,2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazolyl,5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazolyl,6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazolyl,5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl,4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl,4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazolyl and 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazolyl. Theheteroaryl can be optionally substituted, as appropriate, by 1 to 5suitable substituents as defined herein such as fluoro, chloro, deutero,cyano, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₆-C₁₀)aryloxy,trifluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy or (C₁-C₆)alkyl.

Examples of single-ring heteroaryls and heterocycloalkyls includefuranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, thiophenyl,dihydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, pyrrolyl, isopyrrolyl,pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolyl, isoimidazolyl, imidazolinyl,imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, triazolyl,tetrazolyl, dithiolyl, oxathiolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl,isothiazolyl, thiazolinyl, isothiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl,isothiazolidinyl, thiaoxadiazolyl, oxathiazolyl, oxadiazolyl (includingoxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, or1,3,4-oxadiazolyl), pyranyl (including 1,2-pyranyl or 1,4-pyranyl),dihydropyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, diazinyl (including pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, triazinyl (including s-triazinyl, as-triazinyland v-triazinyl), oxazinyl (including 2H-1,2-oxazinyl, 6H-1,3-oxazinyl,or 2H-1,4-oxazinyl), isoxazinyl (including o-isoxazinyl orp-isoxazinyl), oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxathiazinyl (including1,2,5-oxathiazinyl or 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl), oxadiazinyl (including2H-1,2,4-oxadiazinyl or 2H-1,2,5-oxadiazinyl), and morpholinyl.

The term “heteroaryl” also includes fused ring systems having one or tworings wherein such rings may be fused, wherein fused is as definedabove. It is to be understood that if a carbocyclic or heterocyclicmoiety may be bonded or otherwise attached to a designated substratethrough differing ring atoms without denoting a specific point ofattachment, then all possible points are intended, whether through acarbon atom or, for example, a trivalent nitrogen atom. For example, theterm “pyridyl” means 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, the term “thienyl” means 2- or3-thienyl, and so forth.

In some instances, the number of atoms in a cyclic substituentcontaining one or more heteroatoms (i.e., heteroaryl orheterocycloalkyl) is indicated by the prefix “x- to y-membered”, whereinx is the minimum and y is the maximum number of atoms forming the cyclicmoiety of the substituent. Thus, for example, “5- to 6-memberedheteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl containing from 5 to 6 atoms,including one or more heteroatoms, in the cyclic moiety of theheteroaryl. The heteroatoms for this invention are selected fromnitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.

Compounds of the present invention may contain basic nitrogen atoms(e.g. alkyl amines or heterocycles such as pyridine etc.) which may beconverted to N-oxides by treatment with an oxidizing agent (e.g. MCPBAand/or hydrogen peroxides) to afford other compounds of this invention.Thus, all nitrogen-containing compounds that may converted to N-oxide(N→O or —N+—O—) derivatives are part of the invention.

One skilled in the art would appreciate that metabolites may be formedas part of the natural biochemical process of degrading and eliminatingthe compounds. For example, some compounds of the invention maynaturally form an N-oxide, as depicted below in the compound of FormulaIIIa and IIIb or in other areas of the compound of Formula Ia.Metabolites such as these or others formed as part of the naturalbiochemical process are within the scope of the invention.

If substituents are described as “independently” having more than onevariable, each instance of a substituent is selected independent of theother from the list of variables available. Each substituent thereforemay be identical to or different from the other substituent(s).

“Patient” or “subject” refers to warm-blooded animals such as, forexample, guinea pigs, mice, rats, gerbils, cats, rabbits, dogs, cattle,goats, sheep, horses, monkeys, chimpanzees, and humans.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means the substance orcomposition must be compatible, chemically and/or toxicologically, withthe other ingredients comprising a formulation, and/or the mammal beingtreated therewith.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of acompound of the present invention that (i) treats or prevents theparticular disease, condition, or disorder, (ii) attenuates,ameliorates, or eliminates one or more symptoms of the particulardisease, condition, or disorder, or (iii) prevents or delays the onsetof one or more symptoms of the particular disease, condition, ordisorder described herein.

The term “treating”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, meansreversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, delaying theprogression of, delaying the onset of, or preventing the disorder orcondition to which such term applies, or one or more symptoms of suchdisorder or condition. The term “treatment”, as used herein, unlessotherwise indicated, refers to the act of treating as “treating” isdefined immediately above. The term “treating” also includes adjuvantand neo-adjuvant treatment of a subject. For the avoidance of doubt,reference herein to “treatment” includes reference to curative,palliative and prophylactic treatment, and to the administration of amedicament for use in such treatment.

As used herein, the terms “Formula I”, “Formula Ia”, “Formula IIa-IIy”,“Formula IIIa” and “Formula IIIb” may be hereinafter referred to as a“compound(s) of the invention,” “the present invention,” andcollectively the “compound of Formula I.” Accordingly, the term“compound of Formula I” includes the compounds of Formula Ia, IIa-IIy,IIIa and IIIb. Such terms are also defined to include all forms of thecompound of Formula I, including hydrates, solvates, isomers,crystalline and non-crystalline forms, isomorphs, polymorphs, tautomersand metabolites thereof. For example, the compounds of the invention, orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may exist in unsolvated andsolvated forms. When the solvent or water is tightly bound, the complexwill have a well-defined stoichiometry independent of humidity. When,however, the solvent or water is weakly bound, as in channel solvatesand hygroscopic compounds, the water/solvent content will be dependenton humidity and drying conditions. In such cases, non-stoichiometry willbe the norm.

The compounds of the invention have asymmetric carbon atoms. Thecarbon-carbon bonds of the compounds of the invention may be depictedherein using a solid line (

), a solid wedge (

), or a dotted wedge (

). The use of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms ismeant to indicate that all possible stereoisomers (e.g., specificenantiomers, racemic mixtures, etc.) at that carbon atom are included.The use of either a solid or dotted wedge to depict bonds to asymmetriccarbon atoms is meant to indicate that only the stereoisomer shown ismeant to be included. It is possible that compounds of Formula I maycontain more than one asymmetric carbon atom. In those compounds, theuse of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms is meantto indicate that all possible stereoisomers are meant to be included.For example, unless stated otherwise, it is intended that the compoundsof Formula I can exist as enantiomers and diastereomers or as racematesand mixtures thereof. The use of a solid line to depict bonds to one ormore asymmetric carbon atoms in a compound of Formula I and the use of asolid or dotted wedge to depict bonds to other asymmetric carbon atomsin the same compound is meant to indicate that a mixture ofdiastereomers is present.

Stereoisomers of Formula I include cis and trans isomers, opticalisomers such as R and S enantiomers, diastereomers, geometric isomers,rotational isomers, conformational isomers, and tautomers of thecompounds of the invention, including compounds exhibiting more than onetype of isomerism; and mixtures thereof (such as racemates anddiastereomeric pairs). Also included are acid addition or base additionsalts wherein the counterion is optically active, for example, D-lactateor L-lysine, or racemic, for example, DL-tartrate or DL-arginine.

Some of the compounds of the invention, such as 23, 27 and 66, mayexhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism. For example, the compoundexemplified by 23 may exist in several tautomeric forms, including thepyrrolidin-2-one form, Example 23, and the5-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol form, Example 23a. All such tautomericforms are included within the scope of the compounds of the Formula Iand the scope of the invention. One of ordinary skill in the art wouldappreciate and recognize that many of the Examples described herein mayexhibit tautomerism and are within the scope of the compound of FormulaI, Ia, IIa-IIy, IIIa and IIIb. Tautomers exist as mixtures of atautomeric set in solution. In solid form, usually one tautomerpredominates. Even though one tautomer may be described, the presentinvention includes all tautomers of the compounds of the invention andsalts thereof. Examples of tautomers are described by Examples 32 and32a.

When any racemate crystallizes, crystals of two different types arepossible. The first type is the racemic compound (true racemate)referred to above wherein one homogeneous form of crystal is producedcontaining both enantiomers in equimolar amounts. The second type is theracemic mixture or conglomerate wherein two forms of crystal areproduced in equimolar amounts each comprising a single enantiomer.

The compounds of this invention may be used in the form of salts derivedfrom inorganic or organic acids. Depending on the particular compound, asalt of the compound may be advantageous due to one or more of thesalt's physical properties, such as enhanced pharmaceutical stability indiffering temperatures and humidities, or a desirable solubility inwater or oil. In some instances, a salt of a compound also may be usedas an aid in the isolation, purification, and/or resolution of thecompound.

Where a salt is intended to be administered to a patient (as opposed to,for example, being used in an in vitro context), the salt preferably ispharmaceutically acceptable. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt”refers to a salt prepared by combining a compound of Formula I with anacid whose anion, or a base whose cation, is generally consideredsuitable for human consumption. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts areparticularly useful as products of the methods of the present inventionbecause of their greater aqueous solubility relative to the parentcompound. For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of thisinvention are non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.” Saltsencompassed within the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer tonon-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention, which are generallyprepared by reacting the free base with a suitable organic or inorganicacid.

Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of thecompounds of the present invention when possible include those derivedfrom inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydrofluoric,boric, fluoroboric, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, carbonic,sulfonic, and sulfuric acids, and organic acids such as acetic,benzenesulfonic, benzoic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic,glycolic, isothionic, lactic, lactobionic, maleic, malic,methanesulfonic, trifluoromethanesulfonic, succinic, toluenesulfonic,tartaric, and trifluoroacetic acids. Suitable organic acids generallyinclude, for example, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic,heterocyclic, carboxylic, and sulfonic classes of organic acids.

Specific examples of suitable organic acids include acetate,trifluoroacetate, formate, propionate, succinate, glycolate, gluconate,digluconate, lactate, malate, tartrate, citrate, ascorbate, glucuronate,maleate, fumarate, pyruvate, aspartate, glutamate, benzoate,anthranilate, stearate, salicylate, p-hydroxybenzoate, phenylacetate,mandelate, embonate (pamoate), methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate,benzenesulfonate, pantothenate, toluenesulfonate,2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, sulfanilate, cyclohexylaminosulfonate,algenate, p-hydroxybutyrate, galactarate, galacturonate, adipate,alginate, butyrate, camphorate, cam phorsulfonate,cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, glycoheptanoate,glycerophosphate, heptanoate, hexanoate, nicotinate,2-naphthalesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, 3-phenylpropionate,picrate, pivalate, thiocyanate, and undecanoate.

Furthermore, where the compounds of the invention carry an acidicmoiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may includealkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassium salts; alkaline earthmetal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; and salts formed withsuitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammonium salts. In anotherembodiment, base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts,including aluminum, arginine, benzathine, choline, diethylamine,diolamine, glycine, lysine, meglumine, olamine, tromethamine and zincsalts.

Organic salts may be made from secondary, tertiary or quaternary aminesalts, such as tromethamine, diethylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine,chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine(N-methylglucamine), and procaine. Basic nitrogen-containing groups maybe quaternized with agents such as lower alkyl (C₁-C₆) halides (e.g.,methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides),dialkyl sulfates (e.g., dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamylsulfates), long chain halides (e.g., decyl, lauryl, myristyl, andstearyl chlorides, bromides, and iodides), arylalkyl halides (e.g.,benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.

In one embodiment, hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, forexample, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts.

Also within the scope of the present invention are so-called “prodrugs”of the compound of the invention. Thus, certain derivatives of thecompound of the invention that may have little or no pharmacologicalactivity themselves can, when administered into or onto the body, beconverted into the compound of the invention having the desiredactivity, for example, by hydrolytic cleavage. Such derivatives arereferred to as “prodrugs.” Further information on the use of prodrugsmay be found in “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14, ACSSymposium Series (T. Higuchi and V. Stella) and “Bioreversible Carriersin Drug Design,” Pergamon Press, 1987 (ed. E. B. Roche, AmericanPharmaceutical Association). Prodrugs in accordance with the inventioncan, for example, be produced by replacing appropriate functionalitiespresent in the compounds of any of Formula Ia with certain moietiesknown to those skilled in the art as “pro-moieties” as described, forexample, in “Design of Prodrugs” by H. Bundgaard (Elsevier, 1985).

The present invention also includes isotopically labeled compounds,which are identical to those recited in Formula Ia, but for the factthat one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass ormass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually foundin nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compoundsof the present invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,oxygen, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, such as ²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹¹C, ¹⁴C,¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O, ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F, and ³⁶Cl, respectively. Compounds of thepresent invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptablesalts of said compounds or of said prodrugs which contain theaforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are withinthe scope of this invention. Certain isotopically labeled compounds ofthe present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopessuch as ³H and ¹⁴C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substratetissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., ³H, and carbon-14, i.e.,¹⁴C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparationand detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such asdeuterium, i.e., ²H, can afford certain therapeutic advantages resultingfrom greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivohalf-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred insome circumstances. Compounds of the invention as claimed in the claimsmay specifically define substitution with deutero or deuterium. Theabsence of the term deuteron, deuteron or deuterium, all of which areused interchangeably, in a substitution group shall not be implied toexclude deutero.

Isotopically labeled compounds of Formula Ia of this invention andprodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out theprocedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples andPreparations below, by substituting a readily available isotopicallylabeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent.

All patents and publications identified herein are incorporated hereinby reference in their entirety and for all purposes.

Compounds of the Invention

In one embodiment, as described above and more fully herein, theinvention is directed to a compound of Formula I

wherein

X, X′, Y and Y′ are each independently CH or N; Z is C or N; providedthat no more than three of X, X′, Z, Y and Y′ are N;

R¹ is C₁-C₆alkyl or —(C₁-C₆alkyl)_(n)(C₁-C₆cycloalkyl), wherein thealkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with deuterium, halogen,CN, OH, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R² is hydrogen or methyl;

R³ is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitrile, —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b),—(CH₂)_(t)(6- to 10-membered aryl) or a —(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-memberedheteroaryl), having one to three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S,wherein said aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one tothree C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆alkyl, orC₁-C₆ alkoxy; wherein the alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxyl,halogen, CN or C₁-C₃alkoxy;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, OH, C₁-C₃alkoxy, or CH₂OR⁷, wherein R⁷ taken together with R¹ is a C₁-C₄alkylene, optionally substituted with halogen or alkyl;

R^(5a) and R^(5b) are each independently hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, orC₁-C₃-alkoxy, wherein said alkyl or alkoxy is optionally substitutedwith one to three deuterium, halogen, OH or CN; or R^(5a) and R^(5b)taken together with the atom to which they are bonded forms a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl or C₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl orheterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one to three deuterium,halogen, OH, CN or C₁-C₃alkyl;

R⁶ is hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl; or R^(5b) and R⁶ taken together with theatoms to which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl orC₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl

R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹ or —C(O)R⁹;

R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, or a 5- to10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms, wherein saidalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by oneto three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy;

n is 0 or 1;

t is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or a tautomer ofsaid compound or said salt.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to compounds wherein Xis N, Z is C, X′, Y and Y′ are CH; alternatively, X′ is N, Z is C, X, Yand Y′ are CH; alternatively, X, X′, Z, Y and Y′ are CH; alternatively,Y is N, Z is C, X, X′ and Y′ are CH; alternatively, Z is C, X and Y′ areN, X′ and Y are CH; alternatively Z is C, Y′ is N, Y, X, and X′ are CH;alternatively, X and Z are N, C, X′, Y and Y′ are CH; alternatively, X′and Z are N, Z is C, X, Y and Y′ are CH; alternatively, Z and Y′ are N,Y, X, and X′ are CH; alternatively, Y and Z are N, X, X′ and Y′ are CH;alternatively, Z is N, X, X′, Y and Y′ are CH; or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt of said compound or a tautomer of said compound or saidsalt.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to a compound of FormulaIIa, IIb, IIc, IId, IIe, IIf, IIg, IIh, IIi, IIj, IIk, IIl, IIm, IIn,IIo, IIp, IIq, IIr, IIs, IIt, IIu, IIv, IIw, IIx or IIy as depicted bythe following:

wherein

R¹ is C₁-C₆alkyl or —(C₁-C₆alkyl)_(n)(C₁-C₆cycloalkyl), wherein thealkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with deuterium, halogen,CN, OH, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R² is hydrogen;

R³ is hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, nitrile, —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b),—(CH₂)_(t)(6- to 10-membered aryl) or a —(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-memberedheteroaryl), having one to three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S,wherein said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by one tothree C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆ alkyl, orC₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R^(4a) and R^(4b) are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, OH, C₁-C₃alkoxy, or CH₂OR⁷, wherein R⁷ taken together with R¹ is a C₁-C₄alkylene,optionally substituted with halogen or alkyl;

R^(5a) and R^(5b) are independently hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, orC₁-C₃-alkoxy, wherein said alkyl or alkoxy is optionally substitutedwith one to three deuterium, halogen, OH or CN; or R^(5a) and R^(5b)taken together with the atom to which they are bonded forms aC₃-C₇cycloalkyl or C₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl orheterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one to three deuterium,halogen, OH, CN or C₁-C₃alkyl;

R⁶ is hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl; or R^(5b) and R⁶ taken together with theatoms to which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl orC₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl;

R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹ or —C(O)R⁹;

R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, or a 5- to10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms, wherein saidalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted by oneto three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy;

n is 0 or 1; t is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

In another embodiment, R¹ is C₁-C₆alkyl; R² is hydrogen; R³ is hydrogen,deuterium, —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b), —(CH₂)_(t)(6- to 10-membered aryl)or a —(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-membered heteroaryl), having one to threeheteroatoms selected from N, O or S, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl isoptionally substituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen,CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy;

R⁶ is hydrogen; R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen,—S(O)₂R⁹ or —C(O)R⁹; R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to10-membered aryl, or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, having one to threeheteroatoms, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl areoptionally substituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH,C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy; and t is 0 or 1.

In another embodiment, the aryl and heteroaryl of R³ is selected fromphenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and oxazolyl, optionally substituted byone or two C₁-C₆alkyl or C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl; R³ is hydrogen, deuterium or—(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b); R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independentlyhydrogen or —S(O)₂R⁹; R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to10-membered aryl, or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, having one to threeheteroatoms, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl areoptionally substituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH,C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy; and t is 0 or 1.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to a compound selected from

wherein R¹ is C₁-C₃alkyl, is optionally substituted with deuterium orhalogen; R² is hydrogen; R³ is hydrogen, deuterium, —NH₂ or a 5- to10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms selected from N,O or S, wherein said heteroaryl is optionally substituted by one tothree C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen, CN, OH or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R^(4a) andR^(4b) are each independently hydrogen, fluorine or OH; R^(5a) andR^(5b) are independently hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, or C₁-C₃-alkoxy, whereinsaid alkyl or alkoxy is optionally substituted with one to threedeuterium, halogen, OH or CN; or R^(5a) and R^(5b) taken together withthe atom to which they are bonded forms a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl orC₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl; R⁶ is hydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl; or R^(5b) and R⁶ takentogether with the atoms to which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkylor C₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl; R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹or —C(O)R⁹; R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl,or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms,wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionallysubstituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy orC₁-C₆ hydroxy; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound ora tautomer of said compound or said salt.

In another embodiment, R³ is hydrogen, —NH₂, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl oroxazolyl, wherein said heteroaryls are optionally substituted by one ortwo C₁-C₃alkyl; R^(4a) is hydrogen or fluorine; R^(5a) and R^(5b) areindependently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; or R^(5a) and R^(5b) takentogether with the atom to which they are bonded forms a cyclopropyl; andR⁶ is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, R^(4a) and R^(4b) are each independently hydrogenor fluorine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or atautomer of said compound or salt. In a further aspect, R^(4a) isfluorine R^(4b) is hydrogen.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to the compounds ofTable I and those which are exemplified herein; or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof or tautomers of said compounds or salt.

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to the intermediatecompounds described in the Synthetic Schemes and/or Preparations; or apharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or a tautomer of saidcompound or said salt

In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a synthetic processand preparation of the intermediate compounds described herein, asdetailed in the Schemes and the preparation section described herein. Inanother aspect, the invention is directed to a synthetic process andpreparation of the compounds of Tables 1 or 3, as detailed in theSchemes and the preparation section described herein.

IRAK4 Indications

The compounds of the invention are also useful in treating and/orpreventing a disease or condition mediated by or otherwise associatedwith an IRAK enzyme; the method comprising administering to a subject inneed thereof an effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The disease may be, but not limited to, one of the following classes:auto-immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases,metabolic diseases, infection-based diseases, trauma or tissue-injurybased diseases, fibrotic diseases, genetic diseases, diseases driven byover-activity of IL1 pathways, cardiovascular diseases, vasculardiseases, heart diseases, neurological diseases, neurodegenerativediseases, respiratory diseases, pulmonary diseases, airways diseases,renal diseases, skin and/or dermatological diseases, liver diseases,gastrointestinal diseases, oral diseases, pain and sensory diseases,hematopoietic diseases, joint diseases, muscle diseases, bone diseases,and ophthalmic and/or ocular diseases.

Specific autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to: rheumatoidarthritis, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, allergic dermatitis, systemiclupus erythematosus (and resulting complications), Sjögren's syndrome,multiple sclerosis, asthma, glomerular nephritis, irritable bowelsyndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ankylosingspondylitis, Behçet's disease, lupus nephritis, scleroderma, systemicscleroderma, type 1 or juvenile onset diabetes, alopecia universalis,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Addison's disease,antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, atrophic gastritis of perniciousanemia, autoimmune alopecia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmunehepatitis, autoimmune encephalomyelitis, autoimmune thrombocytopenia,Bullous pemphigoid, Chagas disease, Celiac disease, chronic hepatitis,Cogan's syndrome, dermatomyositis, endometriosis, Goodpasture'ssyndrome, Graves' disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Hashimoto's disease(or Hashimoto's thyroiditis), hemolytic anemia, hidradentitissuppurativa, idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, interstitial cystitis,membranous glomerulopathy, morphea, mystenia gravis, narcolepsy,pemphigus, pernicous anemia, polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, primarybiliary cirrhosis, Reiter's syndrome, schizophrenia, symphatheticopthalmia, systemic sclerosis, temporal arteritis, thyroiditis,vasculitis, vitiglio, vulvodynia, Wegner's granulomatosis, palmoplantarkeratoderma, systemic-onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA), or anindication listed in a separate category herein.

Specific inflammatory diseases include, but are not limited to: chronicobstructive pulmonary diseases, airway hyper-responsiveness, cysticfibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sinusitis, rhinitis,gingivitis, atherosclerosis, chronic prostatitis, glomerular nephritis,ulcerative colitis, uveitis, periodontal disease, or an indicationlisted in a separate category herein.

Specific pain conditions include, but are not limited to: inflammatorypain, surgical pain, visceral pain, dental pain, premenstrual pain,central pain, pain due to burns, migraine or cluster headaches, nerveinjury, interstitial cystitis, cancer pain, viral, parasitic orbacterial infection, post-traumatic injury, pain associated withirritable bowel syndrome, gout, pain associated with any of the otherindications listed within this specification, or an indication listed ina separate category herein.

Specific respiratory, airway and pulmonary conditions include, but arenot limited to: asthma (which may encompass chronic, late, bronchial,allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic or dust), chronic obstructive pulmonarydisease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension,cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, acute lung injury,sarcoidosis, allergic rhinitis, chronic cough, bronchitis, recurrentairway obstruction, emphysema, or bronchospasm, or an indication listedin a separate disease category herein.

Specific gastrointestinal (GI) disorders include, but are not limitedto: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD),biliary colic and other biliary disorders, renal colic,diarrhea-dominant IBS, pain associated with GI distension, ulcerativecolitis, Crohn's Disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Celiac disease,proctitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, mastocytosis, or an indicationlisted in a separate disease category herein.

Specific allergic diseases include, but are not limited to: anaphylaxis,allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, allergic urticaria, angioedema,allergic asthma, allergic reactions to: food, drugs, insect bites,pollen; or an indication listed in a separate disease category herein.

Specific infection-based diseases include, but are not limited to:sepsis, septic shock, viral diseases, malaria, Lyme disease, ocularinfections, conjunctivitis, Whipple Disease, or an indication listed ina separate disease category herein.

Specific trauma and tissue injury-based conditions include, but are notlimited to: Renal glomerular damage, reperfusion injury (for example toheart, kidney, lung), spinal cord injury, tissue scarring, tissueadhesion, tissue repair, transplant rejection (for examples to heart,lung, bone marrow, cartilage, cornea, kidney, limb, liver, muscle,myoblast, pancreas, pancreatic islet, skin, nerve, small intestine,trachea), hypersensitivities, or an indication listed in a separatedisease category herein.

Specific fibrotic diseases include, but are not limited to: Idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, or an indicationlisted in a separate disease category herein.

Specific diseases considered to be driven by over-activity of IL1pathways include, but are not limited to: Cryopyrin-associated periodicsyndromes, myositis, and indications included in the following reviewarticle: C. A. Dinarello, A. Simon and J. W. M. van der Meer, Treatinginflammation by blocking interleukin-1 in a broad spectrum of diseases,Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2012, 11(8), 633-652,http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd3800 and supplementary informationcontained therein, or an indication listed in a separate diseasecategory herein.

Specific ophthalmic/ocular diseases include, but are not limited to:uveitis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema,keratoconjuctivitis, uveitis associated with Behçet's disease, vernalconjunctivitis, ketatitis, lens-induced uveitis, herpetic keratitis,conical keratitis, corneal epithelial dystrophy, ocular pemphigus,Mooren's ulcer, Scleritis, Graves' ophthalmopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Haradasyndrome, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, phlyctenule, iridocyclitis,sympathetic ophthalmia, allergic conjunctivitis, ocularneovascularization, dry eye syndrome, or an indication listed in aseparate disease category herein.

Specific joint, muscle and bone disorders include, but are not limitedto: osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenilearthritis, psoriatic arthritis, erosive osteoarthritis of the hand,arthrofibrosis/traumatic knee injury, anterior cruciate knee ligamenttear, relapsing polychondritis, recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis,Majeed Syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, gout of the lumbar spine,antisynthetase syndrome, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, articularchondrocalcinosis, systemic-onset Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA),gout and pyrophosphate crystal arthritis, or an indication listed in aseparate disease category herein.

Specific skin/dermatological diseases include, but are not limited to:psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, cutaneous lupus, acne, dermatomyositis,eczema, pruritus, scleroderma, Sweet Syndrome/neutrophilic dermatosis,neutrophilic panniculitis, acrodermatitis (form of pustular psoriasis),or an indication listed in a separate disease category herein.

Specific renal diseases include, but are not limited to: acute kidneyinjury (AKI) (sepsis-AKI, coronary artery bypass graft-AKI, cardiacsurgery-AKI, non-cardiac surgery-AKI, transplant surgery-AKIcisplatin-AKI, contrast/imaging agent induced-AKI), glomerulonephritis,IgA nephropathy, crescentic GN, lupus nephritis, HIV associatednephropathy, membraneous nephropathy, C3 glomerulopathy, Dense depositdisease, ANCA vasculitis, diabetic nephropathy, hemolytic-uremicsyndrome, atypical Hemolytic-uremic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome,nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, ApoL1 nephropathy,focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Alport syndrome, Fanconi, syndrome,crystal nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, nephrotic syndrome, renaltransplant rejection, amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis in SJIA, or anindication listed in a separate disease category herein.

Specific genetic diseases include, but are not limited to: FamilialMediterranean fever (FMF), CAPS (FCAS, Muckle-Wells Syndrome,NOMID/CINCA), male hypoinfertility in CAPS, NLRP12 AutoinflammatorySyndrome, or an indication listed in a separate disease category herein.

Specific hematopoietic diseases include, but are not limited to:hemolytic anemia, or an indication listed in a separate disease categoryherein.

Specific liver diseases include, but are not limited to: liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or an indicationlisted in a separate disease category herein.

Specific oral diseases include, but are not limited to: gingivitis,periodontal disease or an indication listed in a separate diseasecategory herein.

Specific metabolic diseases include, but are not limited to: Type 2diabetes (and resulting complications), gout and hyperuricemia,metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, obesity, or an indication listedin a separate disease category herein.

Compounds of the current invention are also useful in the treatment of aproliferative disease selected from a benign or malignant tumor, solidtumor, carcinoma of the brain, kidney, liver, adrenal gland, bladder,breast, stomach, gastric tumors, ovaries, colon, rectum, prostate,pancreas, lung, vagina, cervix, testis, genitourinary tract, esophagus,larynx, skin, bone or thyroid, sarcoma, glioblastomas, neuroblastomas,multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon carcinoma orcolorectal adenoma, a tumor of the neck and head, an epidermalhyperproliferation, psoriasis, prostate hyperplasia, a neoplasia, aneoplasia of epithelial character, adenoma, adenocarcinoma,keratoacanthoma, epidermoid carcinoma, large cell carcinoma,nonsmall-cell lung carcinoma, lymphomas, Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins,mammary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma,papillary carcinoma, seminoma, melanoma, smoldering of indolent multiplemyeloma, or hematological malignancies (including leukemia, diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), ABC DLBCL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia(CLL), chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, Burkittlymphoma/leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocyticleukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia(WM), splenic marginal zone lymphoma, multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma,intravascular large B-cell lymphoma), or an indication listed in aseparate disease category herein.

Cardiovascular conditions include, but are not limited to coronary heartdisease, acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic heart disease, first orrecurrent myocardial infarction, secondary myocardial infarction, non-STsegment elevation myocardial infarction, or ST segment elevationmyocardial infarction, ischemic sudden death, transient ischemic attack,peripheral occlusive arterial disease, angina, atherosclerosis,hypertension, heart failure (such as congestive heart failure),diastolic dysfunction (such as left ventricular diastolic dysfunction,diastolic heart failure, and impaired diastolic filling), systolicdysfunction (such as systolic heart failure with reduced ejectionfraction), vasculitis, ANCA vasculitis, post-myocardial infarctioncardiac remodeling atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia (ventricular),ischemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sudden cardiac death, myocardialand vascular fibrosis, impaired arterial compliance, myocardial necroticlesions, vascular damage, left ventricular hypertrophy, decreasedejection fraction, cardiac lesions, vascular wall hypertrophy,endothelial thickening, fibrinoid necrosis of coronary arteries, adverseremodeling, stroke, and the like, or an indication listed in a separatedisease category herein. Also, included are venous thrombosis, deep veinthrombosis, thrombophlebitis, arterial embolism, coronary arterialthrombosis, cerebral arterial thrombosis, cerebral embolism, kidneyembolism, pulmonary embolism, and thrombosis resulting from (a)prosthetic valves or other implants, (b) indwelling catheters, (c)stents, (d) cardiopulmonary bypass, (e) hemodialysis, or (f) otherprocedures in which blood is exposed to an artificial surface thatpromotes thrombosis. It is noted that thrombosis includes occlusion(e.g., after a bypass) and reocclusion (e.g., during or afterpercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty).

Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes are associated withinflammation, accordingly, the compounds of the present invention may beused to treat diabetes and diabetic complications such as macrovasculardisease, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, impaired glucose tolerance,hyperuricemia, glucosuria, cataracts, diabetic neuropathy, diabeticnephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension,hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance syndrome, or an indicationlisted in a separate disease category herein.

Linkage of innate immunity and inflammation to disease has beendemonstrated in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.Therefore, the compounds of the present invention are particularlyindicated for use in the treatment of neuroinflammatory andneurodegenerative conditions (i.e., disorders or diseases) in mammalsincluding humans such as multiple sclerosis, migraine; epilepsy;Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; brain injury; stroke;cerebrovascular diseases (including cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebralamyloid angiopathy, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, and brainhypoxia-ischemia); cognitive disorders (including amnesia, seniledementia, HIV associated dementia, Alzheimer's associated dementia,Huntington's associated dementia, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia,drug related dementia, delirium, and mild cognitive impairment); mentaldeficiency (including Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome); sleepdisorders (including hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorder,insomnia, parasomnia, and sleep deprivation) and psychiatric disorders(such as anxiety (including acute stress disorder, generalized anxietydisorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stressdisorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder); factitious disorder(including acute hallucinatory mania); impulse control disorders(including compulsive gambling and intermittent explosive disorder);mood disorders (including bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder,mania, mixed affective state, major depression, chronic depression,seasonal depression, psychotic depression, and postpartum depression);psychomotor disorder; psychotic disorders (including schizophrenia,schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform, and delusional disorder);drug dependence (including narcotic dependence, alcoholism, amphetaminedependence, cocaine addiction, nicotine dependence, and drug withdrawalsyndrome); eating disorders (including anorexia, bulimia, binge eatingdisorder, hyperphagia, and pagophagia); and pediatric psychiatricdisorders (including attention deficit disorder, attentiondeficit/hyperactive disorder, conduct disorder, and autism), myotrophiclateral sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or an indication listed ina separate disease category herein.

Typically, a compound of the invention is administered in an amounteffective to treat a condition as described herein. The compounds of theinvention are administered by any suitable route in the form of apharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a doseeffective for the treatment intended. Therapeutically effective doses ofthe compounds required to treat the progress of the medical conditionare readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art usingpreclinical and clinical approaches familiar to the medicinal arts.

The compounds of the invention may be administered orally. Oraladministration may involve swallowing, so that the compound enters thegastrointestinal tract, or buccal or sublingual administration may beemployed, by which the compound enters the blood stream directly fromthe mouth.

In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention may also beadministered directly into the blood stream, into muscle, or into aninternal organ. Suitable means for parenteral administration includeintravenous, intraarterial, intraperitoneal, intrathecal,intraventricular, intraurethral, intrasternal, intracranial,intramuscular and subcutaneous. Suitable devices for parenteraladministration include needle (including microneedle) injectors,needle-free injectors and infusion techniques.

In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention may also beadministered topically to the skin or mucosa, that is, dermally ortransdermally. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention canalso be administered intranasally or by inhalation. In anotherembodiment, the compounds of the invention may be administered rectallyor vaginally. In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention mayalso be administered directly to the eye or ear.

The dosage regimen for the compounds and/or compositions containing thecompounds is based on a variety of factors, including the type, age,weight, sex and medical condition of the patient; the severity of thecondition; the route of administration; and the activity of theparticular compound employed. Thus the dosage regimen may vary widely.Dosage levels of the order from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg perkilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment of theabove-indicated conditions. In one embodiment, the total daily dose of acompound of the invention (administered in single or divided doses) istypically from about 0.01 to about 100 mg/kg. In another embodiment, thetotal daily dose of the compound of the invention is from about 0.1 toabout 50 mg/kg, and in another embodiment, from about 0.5 to about 30mg/kg (i.e., mg compound of the invention per kg body weight). In oneembodiment, dosing is from 0.01 to 10 mg/kg/day. In another embodiment,dosing is from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg/day. Dosage unit compositions maycontain such amounts or submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose.In many instances, the administration of the compound will be repeated aplurality of times in a day (typically no greater than 4 times).Multiple doses per day typically may be used to increase the total dailydose, if desired.

For oral administration, the compositions may be provided in the form oftablets containing from about 0.01 mg to about 500 mg of the activeingredient, or in another embodiment, from about 1 mg to about 100 mg ofactive ingredient. Intravenously, doses may range from about 0.1 toabout 10 mg/kg/minute during a constant rate infusion.

Suitable subjects according to the present invention include mammaliansubjects. Mammals according to the present invention include, but arenot limited to, canine, feline, bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, porcine,rodents, lagomorphs, primates, and the like, and encompass mammals inutero. In one embodiment, humans are suitable subjects. Human subjectsmay be of either gender and at any stage of development.

In another embodiment, the invention comprises the use of one or morecompounds of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for thetreatment of the conditions recited herein.

For the treatment of the conditions referred to above, the compound ofthe invention can be administered as compound per se. Alternatively,pharmaceutically acceptable salts are suitable for medical applicationsbecause of their greater aqueous solubility relative to the parentcompound.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises pharmaceuticalcompositions. Such pharmaceutical compositions comprise a compound ofthe invention presented with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Thecarrier can be a solid, a liquid, or both, and may be formulated withthe compound as a unit-dose composition, for example, a tablet, whichcan contain from 0.05% to 95% by weight of the active compounds. Acompound of the invention may be coupled with suitable polymers astargetable drug carriers. Other pharmacologically active substances canalso be present.

The compounds of the present invention may be administered by anysuitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical compositionadapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatmentintended. The active compounds and compositions, for example, may beadministered orally, rectally, parenterally, or topically.

Oral administration of a solid dose form may be, for example, presentedin discrete units, such as hard or soft capsules, pills, cachets,lozenges, or tablets, each containing a predetermined amount of at leastone compound of the present invention. In another embodiment, the oraladministration may be in a powder or granule form. In anotherembodiment, the oral dose form is sub-lingual, such as, for example, alozenge. In such solid dosage forms, the compounds of Formula I areordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants. Such capsules or tabletsmay contain a controlled-release formulation. In the case of capsules,tablets, and pills, the dosage forms also may comprise buffering agentsor may be prepared with enteric coatings.

In another embodiment, oral administration may be in a liquid dose form.Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, for example,pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups,and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art (e.g.,water). Such compositions also may comprise adjuvants, such as wetting,emulsifying, suspending, flavoring (e.g., sweetening), and/or perfumingagents.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a parenteral doseform. “Parenteral administration” includes, for example, subcutaneousinjections, intravenous injections, intraperitoneal injections,intramuscular injections, intrasternal injections, and infusion.Injectable preparations (e.g., sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginoussuspensions) may be formulated according to the known art using suitabledispersing, wetting agents, and/or suspending agents.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a topical doseform. “Topical administration” includes, for example, transdermaladministration, such as via transdermal patches or iontophoresisdevices, intraocular administration, or intranasal or inhalationadministration. Compositions for topical administration also include,for example, topical gels, sprays, ointments, and creams. A topicalformulation may include a compound that enhances absorption orpenetration of the active ingredient through the skin or other affectedareas. When the compounds of this invention are administered by atransdermal device, administration will be accomplished using a patcheither of the reservoir and porous membrane type or of a solid matrixvariety. Typical formulations for this purpose include gels, hydrogels,lotions, solutions, creams, ointments, dusting powders, dressings,foams, films, skin patches, wafers, implants, sponges, fibers, bandagesand microemulsions. Liposomes may also be used. Typical carriers includealcohol, water, mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum,glycerin, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol. Penetrationenhancers may be incorporated; see, for example, J. Pharm. Sci., 88(10),955-958, by Finnin and Morgan (October 1999).

Formulations suitable for topical administration to the eye include, forexample, eye drops wherein the compound of this invention is dissolvedor suspended in a suitable carrier. A typical formulation suitable forocular or aural administration may be in the form of drops of amicronized suspension or solution in isotonic, pH-adjusted, sterilesaline. Other formulations suitable for ocular and aural administrationinclude ointments, biodegradable (e.g., absorbable gel sponges,collagen) and non-biodegradable (e.g., silicone) implants, wafers,lenses and particulate or vesicular systems, such as niosomes orliposomes. A polymer such as cross-linked polyacrylic acid, polyvinylalcohol, hyaluronic acid, a cellulosic polymer, for example,hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or methylcellulose, or a heteropolysaccharide polymer, for example, gelan gum,may be incorporated together with a preservative, such as benzalkoniumchloride. Such formulations may also be delivered by iontophoresis.

For intranasal administration or administration by inhalation, theactive compounds of the invention are conveniently delivered in the formof a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezedor pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from apressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitablepropellant. Formulations suitable for intranasal administration aretypically administered in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as amixture, for example, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixedcomponent particle, for example, mixed with phospholipids, such asphosphatidylcholine) from a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol sprayfrom a pressurized container, pump, spray, atomizer (preferably anatomizer using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist), ornebulizer, with or without the use of a suitable propellant, such as1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. Forintranasal use, the powder may comprise a bioadhesive agent, forexample, chitosan or cyclodextrin.

In another embodiment, the present invention comprises a rectal doseform. Such rectal dose form may be in the form of, for example, asuppository. Cocoa butter is a traditional suppository base, but variousalternatives may be used as appropriate.

Other carrier materials and modes of administration known in thepharmaceutical art may also be used. Pharmaceutical compositions of theinvention may be prepared by any of the well-known techniques ofpharmacy, such as effective formulation and administration procedures.The above considerations in regard to effective formulations andadministration procedures are well known in the art and are described instandard textbooks. Formulation of drugs is discussed in, for example,Hoover, John E., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack PublishingCo., Easton, Pa., 1975; Liberman et al., Eds., Pharmaceutical DosageForms, Marcel Decker, New York, N.Y., 1980; and Kibbe et al., Eds.,Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (3^(rd) Ed.), AmericanPharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1999.

The compounds of the present invention can be used, alone or incombination with other therapeutic agents, in the treatment of variousconditions or disease states. The compound(s) of the present inventionand other therapeutic agent(s) may be may be administered simultaneously(either in the same dosage form or in separate dosage forms) orsequentially.

Two or more compounds may be administered simultaneously, concurrentlyor sequentially. Additionally, simultaneous administration may becarried out by mixing the compounds prior to administration or byadministering the compounds at the same point in time but at differentanatomic sites or using different routes of administration.

The phrases “concurrent administration,” “co-administration,”“simultaneous administration,” and “administered simultaneously” meanthat the compounds are administered in combination.

The present invention includes the use of a combination of an IRAKinhibitor compound as provided in the compound of Formula I and one ormore additional pharmaceutically active agent(s). If a combination ofactive agents is administered, then they may be administeredsequentially or simultaneously, in separate dosage forms or combined ina single dosage form. Accordingly, the present invention also includespharmaceutical compositions comprising an amount of: (a) a first agentcomprising a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltof the compound; (b) a second pharmaceutically active agent; and (c) apharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent.

The compounds of the present invention can be administered alone or incombination with one or more additional therapeutic agents. By“administered in combination” or “combination therapy” it is meant thata compound of the present invention and one or more additionaltherapeutic agents are administered concurrently to the mammal beingtreated. When administered in combination each component may beadministered at the same time or sequentially in any order at differentpoints in time. Thus, each component may be administered separately butsufficiently closely in time so as to provide the desired therapeuticeffect. Thus, the methods of prevention and treatment described hereininclude use of combination agents.

The combination agents are administered to a mammal, including a human,in a therapeutically effective amount. By “therapeutically effectiveamount” it is meant an amount of a compound of the present inventionthat, when administered alone or in combination with an additionaltherapeutic agent to a mammal, is effective to treat the desireddisease/condition e.g., inflammatory condition such as systemic lupuserythematosus. See also, T. Koutsokeras and T. Healy, Systemic lupuserythematosus and lupus nephritis, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2014, 13(3),173-174, for therapeutic agents useful treating lupus.

In particular, it is contemplated that the compounds of the inventionmay be administered with the following therapeutic agents:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including but notlimited to, non-selective COX1/2 inhibitors such as piroxicam, naproxen,flubiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, etodolac (Lodine),mefanamic acid, sulindac, apazone, pyrazolones (such as phenylbutazone),salicylates (such as aspirin); selective COX2 inhibitors such as:celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib, meloxicam;

Immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory agents, including but notlimited to, methotrexate, leflunomide, ciclesonide chloroquine,hydroxychloroquine, d-penicillamine, auranofin, sulfasalazine, sodiumaurothiomalate, cyclosporine, azathioprine, cromolyn, hydroxycarbamide,retinoids, fumarates (such as monomethyl and dimethyl fumarate),glatiramer acetate, mitoxantrone, teriflunomide, suplatast tosilate,mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide, laquinimod, voclosporin,PUR-118, AMG 357, AMG 811, BCT197;

Antimalarials, including but not limited to, hydroxychloroquine(Plaquenil) and chloroquine (Aralen),cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan),methotrexate (Rheumatrex), azathioprine (Imuran), mesalamine (Asacol)and sulfasalazine (Azulfidine):

Antibiotics, including but not limited to, Flagyl or ciprofloxacin;

Anti-TNFα agents, including but not limited to, infliximab, adalimumab,certolizumab pegol, golimumab and etanercept;

Anti-CD20 agents, including but not limited to, rituximab, ocrelizumab,ofatumumab and PF-05280586;

Antidiarrheals, such as diphenoxylate (Lomotil) and loperamide(Imodium);

Bile acid binding agents, such as cholestyramine, alosetron (Lotronex)and ubiprostone (Amitiza);

Laxatives, such as Milk of Magnesia, polyethylene glycol (MiraLax),Dulcolax, Correctol and Senokot, and anticholinergics or antispasmodicssuch as dicyclomine (Bentyl);

T lymphocyte activation inhibitors, including but not limited to,abatacept:

Anti-IL1 treatments, including but not limited to, anakinra, rilonacept,canakinumab, gevokizumab, MABp1 and MEDI-8968;

Glucocorticoid receptor modulators that may be dosed orally, byinhalation, by injection, topically, rectally, by ocular delivery,including but not limited to, betamethasone, prednisone, hydrocortisone,prednisolone, flunisolide, triamcinoline acetonide, beclomethasone,dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide,mometasone furoate, fluocinonide, desoximetasone, methylprednisolone orPF-04171327;

Aminosalicyic acid derivatives, including but not limited to,sulfasalazine and mesalazine;

Anti-α4 integrin agents, including but not limited to, natalizumab;

α1- or α2-adrenergic agonist agents including but not limited to:propylhexidrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine ornaphazoline hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, tetrahydrozolinehydrochloride, xylometazoline hydrochloride or ethylnorepinephrinehydrochloride;

β-adrenergic agonists, including but not limited to, metaproterenol,isoprotenerol, isoprenaline, albuterol, salbutamol, formoterol,salmeterol, terbutaline, orciprenaline, botolterol mesylate, pirbuterol;

Anticholinergic agents, including but not limited to, ipratropiumbromide, tiotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, aclindinium bromide,glycopyrrolate, pirenzipine or telenzepine;

Inhaled long acting beta-agonists, long acting muscarinic antagonistsand long acting corticosteroids, including but not limited, to thoseincluded in the following reference: Y. Mushtaq, The COPD pipeline, NatRev Drug Discov, 2014, 13(4), 253-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038.nrd425;

Leukotriene pathway modulators, including but not limited to, 5-LOinhibitors (such as zileuton), FLAP antagonists (such as veliflapon,fiboflapon), LTD4 antagonists (such as montelukast, zafirlukast orpranlukast;

H1 receptor antagonists, including but not limited to, cetirizine,loratidine, desloratidine, fexofenadine, astemizole, azelastine orchlorpheniramine;

PDE4 inhibitors, including but not limited to, apremilast, roflumilastor AN2728;

Vitamin D receptor modulators, including but not limited to,paricalcitol;

Nrf2 pathway activators, including but not limited to, fumarates,sulfurophane and bardoxolone methyl;

Modulators of the RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR) family, inparticular RORg;

Modulator and/or antagonists of the chemokine receptors, including butnot limited to, CCR2 antagonists (such as CCX140, BMS-741672,PF-4634817, CCX-872, NOX-E36), CCR2/5 antagonists (such as PF-4634817),CCR9 (such as vercirnon, CCX507), CCR1 modulators, CCR4 modulators, CCR5modulators, CCR6 modulators, CXCR6 modulators, CXCR7 modulators) andCXCR2 modulators (such as danirixin, AZD5069);

Prostaglandins, including but not limited to, prostacyclin;

PDE5 inhibitors, including but not limited to, sildenafil, PF-489791,vardenafil and tadalafil;

Endothelin receptor antagonists, including but not limited to, bosentan,ambrisentan, sparsentan, atrasentan, zibotentan and macitentan;

Soluble guanylate cyclase activators, including but not limited to,riociguat;

Interferons, including but not limited to, interferon beta-1a interferonbeta-1b;

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators, including but not limitedto, fingolimod and ponesimod.

Inhibitors of the complement pathway, including but not limited to, C5aRantagonists (such as CCX168, PMX-53, NN8210), C5 inhibitors (such aseculizumab), inhibitors of complement factors B and D, inhibitors ofMASP2 (such as OMS-721) and ARC-1905;

Inhibitors of Janus kinases (one of more of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2),including but not limited to, decernotinib, cerdulatinib, JTE-052,ruxolitinib, tofacitnib, Baricitinib, Peficitinib, GLPG-0634,INCB-47986, INCB-039110, PF-04965842, XL-019, ABT-494, R-348,GSK-2586184, AC-410, BMS-911543 and PF-06263276;

Inhibitors of other anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory kinases,including but not limited to, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors,p38 MAP kinase inhibitors (such as PF-3715455, PH-797804, AZD-7624,AKP-001, UR-13870, FX-005, semapimod, pexmetinib, ARRY-797, RV-568,dilmapimod, ralimetinib), PI3K inhibitors (such as GSK-2126458,pilaralisib, GSK-2269557), PI3Kg and/or PI3Kd inhibitors (such asCAL-101/GS-1101, duvelisib), JNK inhibitors, ERK1 and/or 2 inhibitors,IKKb inhibitors, BTK inhibitors, ITK inhibitors, ASK1 inhibitors (suchas GS-4997), PKC inhibitors (such as sotrastaurin), TrkA antagonists(such as CT-327), MEK1 inhibitors (such as E6201);

Antioxidants, including but not limited to, myeloperoxidase inhibitors(such as AZD-3241), NOX4 and other NOX enzymes (such as GKT-137831) andN-acetyl cysteine;

Inhibitors of IL5, including but not limited to, mepolizumab, reslizumaband benralizumab;

Inhibitors of IL4, including but not limited to, pascolizumab,altrakincept and pitrakinra;

Inhibitors of IL13, including but not limited to, tralokinumab,anrukinzumab and lebrikizumab;

Anti-IL6 agents, including but not limited to, tocilizumab, olokizumab,siltuximab, PF-4236921 and sirukumab;

Inhibitors/Antagonists of IL17/IL17R, including but not limited to,secukinumab, RG-7624, brodalumab and ixekizumab;

Antagonists of IL12 and/or IL23, including but not limited to,tildrakizumab, guselkumab, MEDI2070 and AMG 139;

Inhibitors of IL33, including but not limited to, AMG 282;

Inhibitors of IL9, including but not limited to, MEDI-528;

Inhibitors of GM-CSF, including but not limited to, MT203;

Anti CD4 agents, including but not limited to, tregalizumab andrigerimod;

CRTH2 antagonists, including but not limited to, AZD-1981;

Inhibitors of B lymphocyte stimulator (BLYS; also known as BAFF), aprotein that is often increased in patients with SLE, including but notlimited to, belimumab, tabalumab, blisibimod, and atacicept;

CD22-specific monoclonal antibodies, including but not limited to,epratuzumab;

Inhibitors of interferon-α, including but not limited to, sifalimumaband rontalizumab;

Inhibitor of type I interferon receptors, including but not limited to,MEDI-546;

FcγRIIB agonists, including but not limited to, SM-101;

Modified and/or recombinant versions of Heat Shock Protein 10 (Hsp10,also known as Chaperonin 10 or EPF), including but not limited to,INV-103;

Inhibitors of the TNF superfamily receptor 12A (TWEAK receptor),including but not limited to, BIIB-023, enavatuzumab, and RG-7212;

Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, including but not limited to,allopurinol, benzbromarone, febuxostat, topiroxostat, tisopurine andinositols;

Inhibitors of URAT1 (also known as SLC22A12), including but not limitedto, lesinurad, RDEA 3170, UR1102 and levotofispam;

Additional treatments for gout and/or lowering of uric acid levels,including but not limited to, colchicines, pegloticase, benziodarone,isobrominidione, BCX4208 and arhalofenate;

Inhibitors of toll-like receptors (TLRs), including but not limited to,one or more of TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 (such as IMO-8400, IMO-3100, DV-1179),TLR2 and/or TLR 4 (such as VB-201, OPN-305);

Agonists of TLRs, including but not limited to, TLR7 (such asGSK2245035, AZD8848), TLR9 (such as AZD1419);

Activators SIRT1, including but not limited to, SRT2104;

A3 receptor agonists, including but not limited to, CF101;

Other agents of use of the treatment of psoriasis, including but notlimited to, IDP-118, LAS41004, LEO 80185, LEO 90100, PH-10, WBI-1001,CNT01959, BT-061, cimzia, ustekinumab, MK-3222/SCH 900222, ACT-128800,AEB071, alitretinoin, ASP015K, Apo805K1, BMS-582949, FP187, hectoral(doxercalciferol), LEO 22811, Ly3009104 (INCB28050), calcipotriene foam(STF 115469), tofacitinib (CP-690,550), M518101 and CycloPsorb™;

Antifibrotic agents, including but not limited to: pirfenidone,inhibitors of LOXL2 (such as Simtuzumab), FT-011, modulators ofepiregulin and/or TGFα (such as LY-3016859), modulators of TGFβ (such asLY-2382770, fresolimumab);

Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, including but not limited to, GSK1278863,FG-2216, ASP-1517/FG-4592, AKB-6548, JTZ-951, BAY-85-3934 and DS-1093;

Inhibitors of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor,including but not limited to, GSK3196165 (MOR103), PD-0360324 andmavrilimumab;

Inhibitors of MAdCAM and/or α4β7 integrin, including but not limited to,PF-00547659 and MEDI7183 (abrilumab);

Inhibitors of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), including but notlimited to, PF-06473871; Inhibitors of cathepsin C, including but notlimited to, GSK2793660;

Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase, including but not limited to,GSK2269557;

Inhibitors of the TNFR1 associated death domain protein, including butnot limited to, GSK2862277;

Anti-CD19 agents, including but not limited to, MEDI-551 and AMG 729;

Anti-B7RP1 agents/inhibitors of ICOS ligand, including but not limitedto, MEDI5872 and AMG-557;

Inhibitors of thymic stromal lymphoprotein, including but not limitedto, AMG157;

Inhibitors of IL2, including but not limited to, daclizumab;

Inhibitors of Leucine rich repeat neuronal protein 6A, including but notlimited to, Anti-Lingo (Biogen);

Inhibitors of integrins, including but not limited to, alpha-V/beta-6(STX-100) and alpha-V/beta-3 (VPI-2690B);

Anti-CD40L agents, including but not limited to, CDP-7657;

Modulators of the dopamine D3 receptor, including but not limited to,ABT-614;

Inhibitors and/or modulators of galectin-3, including but not limitedto, GCS-100 and GR-MD-02;

Agents for treating diabetic nephropathy, including but not limited to,DA-9801 and ASP-8232;

Agents for treating acute kidney injury, including but not limited to,THR-184, TRC-160334, NX-001, EA-230, ABT-719, CMX-2043, BB-3 andMTP-131;

Modulators of inflammasomes, including but not limited to, inhibitors ofNLRP3;

Modulators of bromodomains, including but not limited to, BRD4;

Modulators of GPR43; and

Inhibitors of TRP channels, including but not limited to, TRPA1, TRPC3,TRPC5, TRPC6 and TRPC6.

Additional therapeutic agents include anti-coagulant or coagulationinhibitory agents, anti-platelet or platelet inhibitory agents, thrombininhibitors, thrombolytic or fibrinolytic agents, anti-arrhythmic agents,anti-hypertensive agents, calcium channel blockers (L-type and T-type),cardiac glycosides, diuretics, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists,NO donating agents such as organonitrates, NO promoting agents such asphosphodiesterase inhibitors, cholesterol/lipid lowering agents andlipid profile therapies, anti-diabetic agents, anti-depressants,anti-inflammatory agents (steroidal and non-steroidal),anti-osteoporosis agents, hormone replacement therapies, oralcontraceptives, anti-obesity agents, anti-anxiety agents,anti-proliferative agents, anti-tumor agents, anti-ulcer andgastroesophageal reflux disease agents, growth hormone and/or growthhormone secretagogues, thyroid mimetics (including thyroid hormonereceptor antagonist), anti-infective agents, anti-viral agents,anti-bacterial agents, and anti-fungal agents.

Agents used in an ICU setting are included, for example, dobutamine,dopamine, epinephrine, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, etc.

Combination agents useful for treating vasculitis are included, forexample, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, mofetil,rituximab, etc.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combinationwherein the second agent is at least one agent selected from a factor Xainhibitor, an anti-coagulant agent, an anti-platelet agent, a thrombininhibiting agent, a thrombolytic agent, and a fibrinolytic agent.Exemplary factor Xa inhibitors include apixaban and rivaroxaban.Examples of suitable anti-coagulants for use in combination with thecompounds of the present invention include heparins (e.g., unfractionedand low molecular weight heparins such as enoxaparin and dalteparin).

In another embodiment the second agent is at least one agent selectedfrom warfarin, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin,synthetic pentasaccharide, hirudin, argatrobanas, aspirin, ibuprofen,naproxen, sulindac, indomethacin, mefenamate, droxicam, diclofenac,sulfinpyrazone, piroxicam, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, tirofiban,eptifibatide, abciximab, melagatran, disulfatohirudin, tissueplasminogen activator, modified tissue plasminogen activator,anistreplase, urokinase, and streptokinase.

In another embodiment, the agent is at least one anti-platelet agent.Especially preferred anti-platelet agents are aspirin and clopidogrel.The term anti-platelet agents (or platelet inhibitory agents), as usedherein, denotes agents that inhibit platelet function, for example byinhibiting the aggregation, adhesion or granular secretion of platelets.Agents include, but are not limited to, the various known non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen,sulindac, indomethacin, mefenamate, droxicam, diclofenac,sulfinpyrazone, piroxicam, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts orprodrugs thereof. Of the NSAIDS, aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid or ASA)and COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib or piroxicam are preferred. Othersuitable platelet inhibitory agents include Ilb/Illa antagonists (e.g.,tirofiban, eptifibatide, and abciximab), thromboxane-A2-receptorantagonists (e.g., ifetroban), thromboxane-A2-synthetase inhibitors,PDE-III inhibitors (e.g., Pletal, dipyridamole), and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or prodrugs thereof.

The term anti-platelet agents (or platelet inhibitory agents), as usedherein, is also intended to include ADP (adenosine diphosphate) receptorantagonists, preferably antagonists of the purinergic receptors P₂Y₁ andP₂Y₁₂, with P₂Y₁₂ being even more preferred. Preferred P₂Y₁₂ receptorantagonists include ticagrelor, prasugrel, ticlopidine and clopidogrel,including pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof.Clopidogrel is an even more preferred agent. Ticlopidine and clopidogrelare also preferred compounds since they are known to be gentle on thegastro-intestinal tract in use.

The term thrombin inhibitors (or anti-thrombin agents), as used herein,denotes inhibitors of the serine protease thrombin. By inhibitingthrombin, various thrombin-mediated processes, such as thrombin-mediatedplatelet activation (that is, for example, the aggregation of platelets,and/or the granular secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1and/or serotonin) and/or fibrin formation are disrupted. A number ofthrombin inhibitors are known to one of skill in the art and theseinhibitors are contemplated to be used in combination with the presentcompounds. Such inhibitors include, but are not limited to, boroargininederivatives, boropeptides, heparins, hirudin, argatroban, andmelagatran, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugsthereof. Boroarginine derivatives and boropeptides include N-acetyl andpeptide derivatives of boronic acid, such as C-terminalalpha-aminoboronic acid derivatives of lysine, ornithine, arginine,homoarginine and corresponding isothiouronium analogs thereof. The termhirudin, as used herein, includes suitable derivatives or analogs ofhirudin, referred to herein as hirulogs, such as disulfatohirudin. Theterm thrombolytics or fibrinolytic agents (or thrombolytics orfibrinolytics), as used herein, denote agents that lyse blood clots(thrombi). Such agents include tissue plasminogen activator (natural orrecombinant) and modified forms thereof, anistreplase, urokinase,streptokinase, tenecteplase (TNK), lanoteplase (nPA), factor VIIainhibitors, PAI-1 inhibitors (i.e., inactivators of tissue plasminogenactivator inhibitors), alpha2-antiplasmin inhibitors, and anisoylatedplasminogen streptokinase activator complex, including pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts or prodrugs thereof. The term anistreplase, as usedherein, refers to anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activatorcomplex, as described, for example, in EP 028,489, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference herein. The termurokinase, as used herein, is intended to denote both dual and singlechain urokinase, the latter also being referred to herein asprourokinase. Examples of suitable anti-arrythmic agents include: ClassI agents (such as propafenone); Class II agents (such as metoprolol,atenolol, carvadiol and propranolol); Class III agents (such as sotalol,dofetilide, amiodarone, azimilide and ibutilide); Class IV agents (suchas ditiazem and verapamil); K⁺ channel openers such as I_(Ach)inhibitors, and I_(Kur) inhibitors (e.g., compounds such as thosedisclosed in WO01/40231).

The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withantihypertensive agents and such antihypertensive activity is readilydetermined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays(e.g., blood pressure measurements). Examples of suitableanti-hypertensive agents include: alpha adrenergic blockers; betaadrenergic blockers; calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem,verapamil, nifedipine and amlodipine); vasodilators (e.g., hydralazine),diruetics (e.g., chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, flumethiazide,hydroflumethiazide, bendroflumethiazide, methylchlorothiazide,trichloromethiazide, polythiazide, benzthiazide, ethacrynic acidtricrynafen, chlorthalidone, torsemide, furosemide, musolimine,bumetanide, triamtrenene, amiloride, spironolactone); renin inhibitors;ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril, zofenopril, fosinopril, enalapril,ceranopril, cilazopril, delapril, pentopril, quinapril, ramipril,lisinopril); AT-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., losartan, irbesartan,valsartan); ET receptor antagonists (e.g., sitaxsentan, atrsentan andcompounds disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,612,359 and 6,043,265); DualET/AII antagonist (e.g., compounds disclosed in WO 00/01389); neutralendopeptidase (NEP) inhibitors; vasopepsidase inhibitors (dual NEP-ACEinhibitors) (e.g., gemopatrilat and nitrates). An exemplary antianginalagent is ivabradine.

Examples of suitable calcium channel blockers (L-type or T-type) includediltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine and amlodipine and mybefradil. Examplesof suitable cardiac glycosides include digitalis and ouabain.

In one embodiment, a compound of the invention may be co-administeredwith one or more diuretics. Examples of suitable diuretics include (a)loop diuretics such as furosemide (such as LASIX™), torsemide (such asDEMADEX™), bemetanide (such as BUMEX™), and ethacrynic acid (such asEDECRIN™); (b) thiazide-type diuretics such as chlorothiazide (such asDIURIL™, ESIDRIX™ or HYDRODIURIL™), hydrochlorothiazide (such asMICROZIDE™ or ORETIC™), benzthiazide, hydroflumethiazide (such asSALURON™), bendroflumethiazide, methychlorthiazide, polythiazide,trichlormethiazide, and indapamide (such as LOZOL™); (c)phthalimidine-type diuretics such as chlorthalidone (such as HYGROTON™),and metolazone (such as ZAROXOLYN™); (d) quinazoline-type diuretics suchas quinethazone; and (e) potassium-sparing diuretics such as triamterene(such as DYRENIUM™), and amiloride (such as MIDAMOR™ or MODURETIC™). Inanother embodiment, a compound of the invention may be co-administeredwith a loop diuretic. In still another embodiment, the loop diuretic isselected from furosemide and torsemide. In still another embodiment, oneor more compounds of the invention may be co-administered withfurosemide. In still another embodiment, one or more compounds of theinvention may be co-administered with torsemide which may optionally bea controlled or modified release form of torsemide.

In another embodiment, a compound of the invention may beco-administered with a thiazide-type diuretic. In still anotherembodiment, the thiazide-type diuretic is selected from the groupconsisting of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide. In still anotherembodiment, one or more compounds of the invention may beco-administered with chlorothiazide. In still another embodiment, one ormore compounds of the invention may be co-administered withhydrochlorothiazide. In another embodiment, one or more compounds of theinvention may be co-administered with a phthalimidine-type diuretic. Instill another embodiment, the phthalimidine-type diuretic ischlorthalidone.

Examples of suitable combination mineralocorticoid receptor antagonistsinclude sprionolactone and eplerenone. Examples of suitable combinationphosphodiesterase inhibitors include: PDE III inhibitors (such ascilostazol); and PDE V inhibitors (such as sildenafil).

The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withcholesterol modulating agents (including cholesterol lowering agents)such as a lipase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an HMG-CoAsynthase inhibitor, an HMG-CoA reductase gene expression inhibitor, anHMG-CoA synthase gene expression inhibitor, an MTP/Apo B secretioninhibitor, a CETP inhibitor, a bile acid absorption inhibitor, acholesterol absorption inhibitor, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, asqualene synthetase inhibitor, a squalene epoxidase inhibitor, asqualene cyclase inhibitor, a combined squalene epoxidase/squalenecyclase inhibitor, a fibrate, niacin, an ion-exchange resin, anantioxidant, an ACAT inhibitor or a bile acid sequestrant or an agentsuch as mipomersen.

Examples of suitable cholesterol/lipid lowering agents and lipid profiletherapies include: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., pravastatin,lovastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, NK-104 (a.k.a.itavastatin, or nisvastatin or nisbastatin) and ZD-4522 (a.k.a.rosuvastatin, or atavastatin or visastatin)); squalene synthetaseinhibitors; fibrates; bile acid sequestrants (such as questran); ACATinhibitors; MTP inhibitors; lipooxygenase inhibitors; cholesterolabsorption inhibitors; and cholesteryl ester transfer proteininhibitors.

Anti-inflammatory agents also include sPLA2 and IpPLA2 inhibitors (suchas darapladib), 5 LO inhibitors (such as atrelueton) and IL-1 and IL-1rantagonists (such as canakinumab).

Other atherosclerotic agents include agents that modulate the action ofPCSK9, for example, called bococizumab.

Cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes are associated withinflammation, accordingly, the compounds of the present invention may beused in combination with anti-diabetic agents, particularly type 2anti-diabetic agents. Examples of suitable anti-diabetic agents include(e.g. insulins, metfomin, DPPIV inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, analoguesand mimetics, SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitors) Suitable anti-diabetic agentsinclude an acetyl-CoA carboxylase-(ACC) inhibitor such as thosedescribed in WO2009144554, WO2003072197, WO2009144555 and WO2008065508,a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT-1) inhibitor, such as thosedescribed in WO09016462 or WO2010086820, AZD7687 or LCQ908,diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT-2) inhibitor, monoacylglycerolO-acyltransferase inhibitors, a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-10 inhibitor, anAMPK activator, a sulfonylurea (e.g., acetohexamide, chlorpropamide,diabinese, glibenclamide, glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride, gliclazide,glipentide, gliquidone, glisolamide, tolazamide, and tolbutamide), ameglitinide, an α-amylase inhibitor (e.g., tendamistat, trestatin andAL-3688), an α-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor (e.g., acarbose), anα-glucosidase inhibitor (e.g., adiposine, camiglibose, emiglitate,miglitol, voglibose, pradimicin-Q, and salbostatin), a PPARγ agonist(e.g., balaglitazone, ciglitazone, darglitazone, englitazone,isaglitazone, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone), a PPAR α/γ agonist (e.g.,CLX-0940, GW-1536, GW-1929, GW-2433, KRP-297, L-796449, LR-90, MK-0767and SB-219994), a biguanide (e.g., metformin), a glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) modulator such as an agonist (e.g., exendin-3 and exendin-4),liraglutide, albiglutide, exenatide (Byetta®), albiglutide,lixisenatide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, NN-9924, TTP-054, a proteintyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) inhibitor (e.g., trodusquemine,hyrtiosal extract, and compounds disclosed by Zhang, S., et al., DrugDiscovery Today, 12(9/10), 373-381 (2007)), SIRT-1 inhibitor (e.g.,resveratrol, GSK2245840 or GSK184072), a dipeptidyl peptidease IV(DPP-IV) inhibitor (e.g., those in WO2005116014, sitagliptin,vildagliptin, alogliptin, dutogliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin), aninsulin secreatagogue, a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, an A2antagonist, a c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, glucokinaseactivators (GKa) such as those described in WO2010103437, WO2010103438,WO2010013161, WO2007122482, TTP-399, TTP-355, TTP-547, AZD1656, ARRY403,MK-0599, TAK-329, AZD5658 or GKM-001, insulin, an insulin mimetic, aglycogen phosphorylase inhibitor (e.g. GSK1362885), a VPAC2 receptoragonist, SGLT2 inhibitors, such as those described in E. C. Chao et al.Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 9, 551-559 (July 2010) includingdapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin, tofogliflozin (CSG452),ASP-1941, THR1474, TS-071, ISIS388626 and LX4211 as well as those inWO2010023594, a glucagon receptor modulator such as those described inDemong, D. E. et al., Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry 2008, 43,119-137, GPR119 modulators, particularly agonists, such as thosedescribed in WO2010140092, WO2010128425, WO2010128414, WO2010106457,Jones, R. M. et al., in Medicinal Chemistry 2009, 44, 149-170 (e.g.MBX-2982, GSK1292263, APD597 and PSN821), FGF21 derivatives or analogssuch as those described in Kharitonenkov, A. et al. et al., CurrentOpinion in Investigational Drugs 2009, 10(4)359-364, TGR5 (also termedGPBAR1) receptor modulators, particularly agonists, such as thosedescribed in Zhong, M., Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2010,10(4), 386-396 and INT777, GPR40 agonists, such as those described inMedina, J. C., Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 2008, 43, 75-85,including but not limited to TAK-875, GPR120 modulators, particularlyagonists, high affinity nicotinic acid receptor (HM74A) activators, andSGLT1 inhibitors, such as GSK1614235. A further representative listingof anti-diabetic agents that can be combined with the compounds of thepresent invention can be found, for example, at page 28, line 35 throughpage 30, line 19 of WO2011005611. Preferred anti-diabetic agents aremetformin and DPP-IV inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin, vildagliptin,alogliptin, dutogliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin). Otherantidiabetic agents could include inhibitors or modulators of carnitinepalmitoyl transferase enzymes, inhibitors of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase,inhibitors of aldose reductase, mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitors,inhibitors of TORC2, inhibitors of CCR2 and/or CCR5, inhibitors of PKCisoforms (e.g. PKCα, PKCβ, PKCγ), inhibitors of fatty acid synthetase,inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferase, modulators of GPR81, GPR39,GPR43, GPR41, GPR105, Kv1.3, retinol binding protein 4, glucocorticoidreceptor, somatostain receptors (e.g. SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3 and SSTR5),inhibitors or modulators of PDHK2 or PDHK4, inhibitors of MAP4K4,modulators of IL1 family including IL1beta, modulators of RXRalpha. Inaddition suitable anti-diabetic agents include mechanisms listed byCarpino, P. A., Goodwin, B. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat, 2010, 20(12),1627-51.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the compounds of thisinvention may also be used in conjunction with other cardiovascular orcerebrovascular treatments including PCI, stenting, drug eluting stents,stem cell therapy and medical devices such as implanted pacemakers,defibrillators, or cardiac resynchronization therapy.

The compounds of the present invention may be used in combination withneuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative agents in mammals. Examples ofadditional neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative agents includeantidepressants, antipsychotics, anti-pain agents, anti-Alzheimer'sagents, and anti-anxiety agents. Examples of particular classes ofantidepressants that can be used in combination with the compounds ofthe invention include norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, selectiveserotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), NK-1 receptor antagonists,monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), reversible inhibitors of monoamineoxidase (RIMAs), serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors(SNRIs), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) antagonists, and atypicalantidepressants. Suitable norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors includetertiary amine tricyclics and secondary amine tricyclics. Examples ofsuitable tertiary amine tricyclics and secondary amine tricyclicsinclude amitriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, imipramine, trimipramine,dothiepin, butriptyline, nortriptyline, protriptyline, amoxapine,desipramine and maprotiline. Examples of suitable SSRIs includefluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. Examples ofmonoamine oxidase inhibitors include isocarboxazid, phenelzine, andtranylcyclopramine. Examples of suitable reversible inhibitors ofmonoamine oxidase include moclobemide. Examples of suitable SNRIs of usein the present invention include venlafaxine. Examples of suitableatypical anti-depressants include bupropion, lithium, trazodone andviloxazine. Examples of anti-Alzheimer's agents include NMDA receptorantagonists such as memantine; and cholinesterase inhibitors such asdonepezil and galantamine. Examples of suitable classes of anti-anxietyagents that can be used in combination with the compounds of theinvention include benzodiazepines and serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A)agonists, and CRF antagonists. Suitable benzodiazepines includealprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, chlorazepate, diazepam,lorazepam, oxazepam, and prazepam. Suitable 5-HT1A receptor agonistsinclude buspirone and ipsapirone. Suitable CRF antagonists includeverucerfont. Suitable atypical antipsychotics include paliperidone,ziprasidone, risperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and quetiapine.Suitable nicotine acetylcholine agonists include CP-601927 andvarenicline. Anti-pain agents include pregabalin, gabapentin, clonidine,neostigmine, baclofen, midazolam, ketamine and ziconotide.

The present invention further comprises kits that are suitable for usein performing the methods of treatment described above. In oneembodiment, the kit contains a first dosage form comprising one or moreof the compounds of the present invention and a container for thedosage, in quantities sufficient to carry out the methods of the presentinvention.

In another embodiment, the kit of the present invention comprises one ormore compounds of the invention.

The present invention further comprises intermediate compounds useful inthe synthesis of the compounds of the invention, including salts and/ortautomers thereof.

General Synthetic Schemes

The compounds of Formula Ia may be prepared by the methods describedbelow, together with synthetic methods known in the art of organicchemistry, or modifications and transformations that are familiar tothose of ordinary skill in the art. The starting materials used hereinare commercially available or may be prepared by routine methods knownin the art [such as those methods disclosed in standard reference bookssuch as the Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Vol. I-XII(published by Wiley-Interscience)]. Preferred methods include, but arenot limited to, those described below.

During any of the following synthetic sequences it may be necessaryand/or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of themolecules concerned. This can be achieved by means of conventionalprotecting groups, such as those described in T. W. Greene, ProtectiveGroups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1981; T. W. Greene andP. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, John Wiley &Sons, 1991; and T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups inOrganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999, which are herebyincorporated by reference.

Compounds of Formula Ia, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, canbe prepared according to the reaction Schemes discussed herein below.Unless otherwise indicated, the substituents in the Schemes are definedas above. Isolation and purification of the products is accomplished bystandard procedures, which are known to a chemist of ordinary skill.

It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the varioussymbols, superscripts and subscripts used in the schemes, methods andexamples are used for convenience of representation and/or to reflectthe order in which they are introduced in the schemes, and are notintended to necessarily correspond to the symbols, superscripts orsubscripts in the appended claims. Additionally, one skilled in the artwill recognize that in many cases, these compounds will be mixtures ofstereoisomers that may be separated at various stages of the syntheticschemes using conventional techniques, such as, but not limited to,crystallization, normal-phase chromatography, reversed phasechromatography and chiral chromatography, to afford single enantiomers.The schemes are representative of methods useful in synthesizing thecompounds of the present invention. They are not to constrain the scopeof the invention in any way.

Methods to prepare compounds of the invention are similar to thosedescribed in PCT/IB2015/052251, filed on Mar. 26, 2015, and itscorrespoinding U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/678,114, filed onApr. 3, 2015. These methods are hereby incorporated in their entirety asmethods of preparation for the compounds of this this invention.

Scheme 1 illustrates a method for preparing compounds of Formula Ia. Acompound of Formula A, in which Lv is a displaceable leaving group (suchas chloro or fluoro, for example), is treated with a compound of FormulaB (as described in PCT/IB2015/052251) to furnish a product of FormulaIa. The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a suitablebase such as cesium carbonate, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydrideor potassium hexamethyldisilazide in a suitable solvent or solventmixture, such as THF or dimethylformamide. The compounds of Formula Amay be prepared as described in the subsequent schemes. The compounds ofFormula B (R²—OH) may be obtained from commercial vendors, or preparedby methods reported in the chemical literature, or may be prepared asdescribed in the subsequent schemes.

If desired, further transformations may be effected upon compounds ofFormula Ia. For example, a compound of Formula Ia wherein R⁶═CN may besubjected to a nitrile hydrolysis reaction to provide a compound ofFormula Ia in which R⁶═CONH₂. The reaction may be carried out in avariety of ways known to one skilled in the art, for example by the useof acids or bases, optionally in the presence of an oxidant such ashydrogen peroxide, or by using chemical or enzymatic catalysts. In othercases, the compound of Formula Ia may be further treated with reagents,such as acids, to cleave protecting groups, such as t-butoxycarbonylgroups, and/or with other reagents to derivatize functional groups suchas carboxyl, amino, or hydroxyl groups.

Scheme 2 illustrates another method for the preparation of compounds ofFormula Ia, particularly suited to those instances in which X and Y inthe compound of Formula A are both carbon. This method provides for thealkylation of a compound of Formula A with a compound of Formula B(wherein the R¹²O— group is either hydroxyl or a sulfonate ester such asp-toluenesulfonate or methanesulfonate; for example, as described inPCT/IB2015/052251, or as commercially available), using methods known tothose skilled in the art, to furnish a product of Formula Ia. Forexample, this reaction may be carried out by treating a compound ofFormula A with a compound of Formula B (R¹²═H) in the presence oftriphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate ester (“Mitsunobu reaction”)in a suitable solvent such as THF. Alternatively, the alkylation of acompound of Formula A may be effected using a compound of Formula B(R¹²O=TsO or other sulfonate ester) in the presence of a base such ascesium carbonate, in a suitable solvent such as THF ordimethylformamide.

If desired, further transformations may be effected upon the compound ofFormula Ia. For example, the compound of Formula Ia wherein R⁶═CN may besubjected to a nitrile hydrolysis reaction to provide a compound ofFormula Ia in which R⁶═CONH₂. The reaction may be carried out in varietyof ways known to one skilled in the art, for example by the use of acidsor bases, optionally in the presence of an oxidant such as hydrogenperoxide, or by using chemical or enzymatic catalysts. In other cases,the compound of Formula Ia may be further treated with reagents, such asacids, to cleave protecting groups, such as t-butoxycarbonyl groups,and/or with other reagents to derivatize functional groups such ascarboxyl, amino, or hydroxyl groups.

A route to compounds of Formula Ia where Q=N and W, X, Z and Y are CHare illustrated in Scheme 3. An aldehyde such 3i can be nitrated, forexample, with a nitrate such as isopropyl nitrate in the presence ofacid, to give a nitro compound such as 3ii. Condensation of compound 3iiwith a malonate may afford an intermediate such as 3iii which can bereduced, for example, by using sodium hydrosulfite, leading tocyclization to a pyridine such 3iv. The phenol moiety can be protectedwith an appropriate protecting group such as a benzyl group as describedin the literature [see, for example, Wuts, P. G. M. and Greene, T. W.,Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley (2007)] to give acompound such as 3v, where Pg is a suitable protecting group. A compoundsuch 3v can activated, for example, with phosphorus oxychloride to forman iminochloride, which can be subsequently treated with an alkoxidesuch as sodium methoxide to give a product such as compound 3vi whereinthe protecting group has concurrently been removed. A compound such asester 3vi can be converted to the amide by treatment, for example, withammonia in methanol, to give an amide 3vii. Amide 3vii can be dehydratedwith reagents such as pyridine TFAA to give nitriles such as 3viii.Alkylation of phenol 3viii using an alkylating agent such as a mesylateor halide derivative in the presence of a base may afford compoundsrepresented by 3x. Exemplary bases include but are not limited to cesiumcarbonate. Nitrile 3x can be hydrolyzed, for example, by using hydrogenperoxide and potassium carbonate in DMSO, to afford amides such as 3xi.

Compounds of the invention may be prepared by metal calayzedcross-coupling reactions of compounds such as halides 4vi in Scheme 4.The preparation of compounds such as 4vi may be accomplished as follows.Compounds such as 4i can be treated with aqueous acid to give compoundssuch as 4ii which can be converted to halides such as 4iii, for example,by bromination using NBS. Activation of compounds such as 4iii withreagents such as phosphorus oxychloride may afford compounds such aschloride 4iv. Treatment of compound 4iv with an alcohol and anappropriate base such as NaHMDS can effect conversion to compounds suchas 4vi. Treatment of compounds such as 4vi with, for example,heterocyclic stannanes or boronates or metalloids and an appropriatecatalyst, for instance a palladium catalyst may afford cross-coupledproducts such as compound 4vii. Hydration of nitrile 4vii, for example,with hydrogen peroxide and potassium carbonate, may afford carboxamidessuch as compound 4viii.

Alternatively compounds of this type may be prepared from Suzukicoupling reactions as depicted in Scheme 5. For example, compounds suchas 5i, where X is a halogen, may be treated with a boron reagent such asbis(pinacolato)diboron, base, and an appropriate palladium catalyst toafford a boronate ester intermediate such as 5ii. Treatment of 5ii witha heterocyclic halide, base, and an appropriate palladium catalyst givescompounds such 5iii, where R is a heterocycle. Compounds such as 5iiican be hydrated using, for example, hydrogen peroxide and potassiumcarbonate, to give compounds such as 5iv. In some cases the heterocyclewill bear a protecting group, and standard methods to remove theprotecting groups known to those skilled in the art may be utilized.

Carbonylation of a compound such as 6i, where X=halogen, such as Br,using an appropriate palladium catalyst under carbon monoxide, base, andan appropriate alcohol can provide compounds such as carboxylic ester6ii, which in turn can be hydrolyzed, for example, in the presence oflithium hydroxide in a mixture of aqueous THF/alcohol, to carboxylicacids such as 6iii. Carboxylic acids such as 6iii can be be converted toamides such as 6iv, for example, by treatment with an amine, base, and acoupling reagent such as HATU. Oxazole compounds such as 6v may beformed by ring closure of amide 6iv under suitable reaction conditions,such as TFAA and an amine base. Nitrile hydrolysis may be effectedusing, for example, hydrogen peroxide and potassium carbonate in DMSO,to provide carboxamides such as 6vi.

Sulfonamide compounds of the invention may be prepared by conventionalmeans. For instance compounds such as 7i can be nitrated using, forexample, nitric acid in acetic acid, to give products such as 7ii, whichcan be treated with chlorinating reagents such as phosphorus oxychlorideto give chlorides such as 7iii. Chlorides such as 7iii can be treatedwith an alcohol in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate togive compounds such as 7v. Reduction of the nitro group of compoundssuch as 7v may be effected, for example, with zinc and ammoniumchloride, to afford amines such as 7vi. Conversion of the cyano moietyto a carboxamide as in 7vii may be effected, for example, with hydrogenperoxide and potassium carbonate. Compounds such as 7vii can beconverted to sulfonamides such as 7viii by reaction with sulfonylchlorides and an appropriate base such as pyridine. The nitrilehydration step may be accomplished before or after sulfonylation to givea compound such as 7viii.

Scheme 8 illustrates a sequence to prepare compounds where Z=N.Reductive amination of an aldehyde such as 8i with a glycinate esterprovides an amine derivative 8ii which can be sulfonylated, forinstance, with an aryl sulfonyl chloride such as p-toluenesulfonylchloride in the presence of base such as pyridine to afford moietiessuch as 8iii. Ester hydrolysis, for example, using lithium hydroxide ina mixture of aqueous THF/alcohol, gives carboxylic acids such as 8ivwhich may be converted into an acid chlorides such as 8v using reagentssuch as thionyl chloride. Friedel-Crafts acylation of compounds such as8v may be effected using

Lewis Acids such as aluminum trichloride to provide products such as8vi. Treatment of compounds such as 8vi with base, such as carbonate orbicarbonate salts in an alcohol such as ethanol, at reflux temperatureeffects the conversion to phenol compounds such as 8vii, which may beconverted to cyano derivatives such as 8viii by, for example, the actionof copper or zinc cyanide and a palladium catalyst in a solvent such asDMF. Mitsunobu reaction or an O-alkylation reaction may be employed asdescribed in Scheme 2 to generate an ether compound such as 8ix, andtreatment of the nitrile with basic hydrogen peroxide as described inScheme 1 may provide compounds such as 8x.

Scheme 9 outlines the transformation of a compound 9i (for example, anaphthol, if Y═Y′═CH) to an ether such as 9ii. For example, thealkylation of 9i may be effected using a compound such as R²-Lg (forexample, in which the leaving group Lg=MsO or other sulfonate esters) inthe presence of a base such as cesium carbonate, in a suitable solventsuch as THF or dimethylformamide. Alternatively, this reaction may becarried out by treating a compound such as 9i with an alcohol R²—OH inthe presence of triphenylphosphine and an azodicarboxylate ester(“Mitsunobu reaction”) in a suitable solvent such as THF. The nitrile9ii may then be converted to the amide compound 9iii as described beforewith base and hydrogen peroxide in DMSO.

An alcohol compound that might be used, for example, as R²OH (as inScheme 1) or converted to R²OR¹² (as in Scheme 2) may be obtained by asequence outlined in Scheme 10. An ester such as 10i (R=Et) (OrganicLetters, 2014, 16, 4352.) may be converted to the nitromethanederivative 10ii in the presence of a suitable base such as DBU andnitromethane. The nitroalkane derivative may be alkylated withparaformaldehyde and a base such as potassium fluoride to the product10iii. The nitro group of 10iii may be reduced to the correspondingamine using a suitable reducing agent such as Raney Nickel and hydrogengas in an alcohol solvent such as ethanol. This crude solution may bewarmed and made to cyclize to the indicated lactam compound 10iv. Aminalformation with ketals such as acetone dimethylketal (R¹═R²═R³=Me) underacid catalysis such as with tosic acid may provide a compound 10v. Thiscompound 10v can be deprotected, or optionally further functionalized,for example, by deprotonation with a strong base such as lithiumdiisopropyl amide or lithium hexamethyldisilazide in a solvent such asTHF and then treated with standard fluorinating agents such asN-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) to afford a compound mixture ofdiastereomers such as 10vi. Aqueous acid, for example, a mixture of TFAin water and MeCN, may be used to deprotect the aminal and afford amixture of diastereomeric alcohol compounds 10vii which may be used assuch in various preparations.

Scheme 11 depicts a method to prepare macrocyclic compounds of theinvention. The enolate generated by the action of a suitable base suchas LDA with a protected lactam such as 11i (for example, where R=Me)reacts with the dichloride shown to give a mixture of cis and transchloroethylmethyl ether substituted lactams, which upon separation ofthe diastereomers, may afford 11ii in which the newly installed moietyis syn to the substituent at the 5-position of the lactam. Removal ofthe ketal under aqueous acidic condtions, such as with trifluoroaceticacid in a suitable medium, such as aqueous acetonitrile affords compound11iii. Other linking groups may be incorporated by similar methods togenerate macrocyclic precurors related to 11iii. Compound 11iv may beprepared by dealkylation of a compound where R¹=iPr, for example, withaluminum trichloride and alkylated with a suitable protecting group byO-alkylation with a protecting group reagent, such as SEMCl, in thepresence of a suitable base such as DIEA to afford 11iv where R¹ is SEM.A compound such as 11iv may undergo an S_(N)Ar reaction with an alcoholsuch as 11iii to give a compound such as 11v. The protecting group fromcompound 11v may be removed under acidic conditions, for example in thecase of the SEM group, with HCl in MeOH. An intramolecular cyclizationmay be induced in dilute solution using base catalysis, for instance,with potassium tert butoxide in the presence of Nal give compound 11vii.Conversion of cyanide 11vii to amide 11lviii may be effected, forexample, with hydrogen peroxide in DMSO with potassium carbonate.

Lactams bearing a fused cyclopropane, e.g., compounds such as 12x, maybe prepared as in Scheme 12. Homoallylamine 12i can be protected with asuitable protecting group such as PMB, for example, by reaction with4-methoxybenzaldehyde in the presence of a reducing agent, typicallysodium cyanoborohydride, in a protic solvent, typically ethanol, togenerate secondary amines such 12ii via reductive amination. Compoundssuch as 12ii can be N-acylated, for example by treatment with a base andan acid chloride of general formula ClC(O)CO₂R, where R is an alkylgroup such as methyl, to generate an amide compound 12iii. Exemplarybases include but are not limited to sodium bicarbonate. Compounds suchas 12iii can be reduced to the primary alcohol 12iv upon treatment witha reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in a protic solvent such asmethanol. Compounds such as 12iv can be protected as a trialkylsilylether, for example, TBS ether, by treatment with a base and thecorresponsing trialkylsilyl chloride, such as TBSCl. Exemplary basesinclude but are not limited to imidazole. The resulting compound 12v canundergo a Kulinkovich-de Meijere cyclization reaction to give a bicycliccompound 12vi by treatment with a titanium alkoxide and a Grignardreagent. Examplary titanium alkoxides include but are not limited totitanium isopropoxide and exemplary Grignard reagents include but arenot limited to cyclopentylmagnesium bromide. Global deprotection can beachieved by treatment of 12vi with ACE-Cl in a chlorinated solvent,typically 1,2-dichloroethane, followed by warming of the intermediate inmethanol to provide the HCl salt of compound 12vii. Temperature canrange from room temperature up to reflux in methanol for thisconversion. Compound 12vii can be nitrogen protected for example as atert-butyl carbamate by treatment with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, a baseand 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Exemplary bases include but are not limitedto tertiary amines such as triethylamine. In situ addition of TBSCl anda base, typically imidazole, can lead to fully protected amino alcoholcompound 12viii. Compound 12viii can be oxidized to lactam 12ix bytreatment with a metal oxide, typically ruthenium dioxide hydrate andsodium periodate in a biphasic environment such as an equivolume mixtureof ethyl acetate and water to perform this oxidation. Alternativemethods to generate lactams such as 12ix have appeared and may beapplicable to such syntheses (e.g. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505916).Treatment of lactam 12ix with a fluoride anion source in an etherealsolvent, typically THF, can lead to compound 12x. Exemplary fluorideanion sources include but are not limited to tetrabutylammoniumfluoride. (Migration of the protecting group has been shown to occur inrelated examples: see Org. Lett., 2001, 3 (3), pp 433-435.) Compounds12x can be converted to 12xii by S_(N)Ar reaction with an activatedheterocyclic moiety such as a chloride represented by 12xi (for example,where X and/or Z is N and where R¹ may be any alkyl substituent;exemplary R¹ substituents include but are not limited to methyl andiso-propyl) with an excess of base at low temperature in a polarsolvent. Exemplary bases and solvents include but are not limited toKHMDS in DMF respectively. The temperature can range from −78° C. toroom temperature and the reaction is typically performed at −10° C.Conversion of compound 12xii to compound 12xiii can be achieved bytreatment with a base, a peroxide in a polar solvent. Exemplary bases,peroxides and solvents include but are not limited to potassiumcarbonate, hydrogen peroxide and DMSO respectively. Enantiomers ofcompound 12xiii can be separated by chiral chromatography.

Scheme 13 provides a method to make 1,6-naphthyridine derivatives of theinvention. A nicotinic acid derivative such as 13i may be converted tothe corresponding acid chloride by those skilled in the art. Exemplaryconditions include, but are not limited to, the use of oxalyl chloridein the presence of DMF. The acid chloride intermediate may then reactwith 1-(aminooxy)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one triflate in the presence of abase to provide compounds such as 13ii. Exemplary bases include but arenot limited to pyridine. Pyridine compounds such as 13ii may be oxidizedto the corresponding N-oxide derivatives 13iii. Exemplary oxidativeconditions include but are not limited to the use of a catalytic amountof methyl(trioxo)rhenium in the presence of an aqueous hydrogen peroxidesolution under heterogeneous solvent system. Rh-catalyzed C—H activationin the presence of a base and an alkene in a protic solvent may lead tocompounds such as 13v (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14492). Exemplarybases and alkenes include, but are not limited to sodium acetate andnorbornadiene 13iv. Upon heating, a retro Diels-Alder reaction may occurto generate compounds such as 13vi. The latter may be cyanated, forexample, by treatment with dimethylcarbamic chloride in the presence ofa cyanide source, typically trimethylsilanecarbonitrile, to furnishcompounds such as 13vii. Chlorination, for example, by treatment withphosphoryl chloride at high temperature, typically between 70° C. and110° C., can deliver elaborated 1,6-naphthyridines represented by13viii. Conversion of the cyano group of 13viii to a carboxamide as in13ix can be achieved by treatment potassium carbonate, hydrogen peroxideand DMSO as described for other compounds herein. S_(N)Ar reaction ofalcohols R²—OH with activated heterocycles such as 13ix can beaccomplished in the presence of an excess of base in a polar solventwhile heating to furnish compounds such as 13x. Exemplary bases andsolvents include but are not limited to KHMDS and DMF respectively.

Experimental Procedures and Working Examples

The following illustrate the synthesis of various compounds of thepresent invention. Additional compounds within the scope of thisinvention may be prepared using the methods illustrated in theseExamples, either alone or in combination with techniques generally knownin the art.

It will be understood that the intermediate compounds of the inventiondepicted above are not limited to the particular enantiomer shown, butalso include all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof. It will also beunderstood that compounds of Formula Ia can include intermediates ofcompounds of Formula Ia.

Experimental Procedures

Experiments were generally carried out under inert atmosphere (nitrogenor argon), particularly in cases where oxygen- or moisture-sensitivereagents or intermediates were employed. Commercial solvents andreagents were generally used without further purification, includinganhydrous solvents where appropriate (generally Sure-Seal™ products fromthe Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, Wis.). Products were generallydried under vacuum before being carried on to further reactions orsubmitted for biological testing. Mass spectrometry data is reportedfrom either liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS), atmosphericpressure chemical ionization (APCI) or gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GCMS) instrumentation. Chemical shifts for nuclearmagnetic resonance (NMR) data are expressed in parts per million (ppm,δ) referenced to residual peaks from the deuterated solvents employed.

For syntheses referencing procedures in other Examples or Methods,reaction conditions (length of reaction and temperature) may vary. Ingeneral, reactions were followed by thin layer chromatography and/orliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and subjected to work-up whenappropriate. It will be recognized by one skilled in the art thatpurifications may vary between experiments: in general, sorbents,solvents and the solvent ratios used for eluants/gradients were chosento provide appropriate R_(f)s or retention times. It will also berecognized by one skilled in the art that HPLC purifications may beeffected in a variety of ways, including the use of normal stationaryphases, reverse stationary phases, chiral stationary phases, andsupercritical eluants. The appropriate choices of conditions forchromatographic and HPLC purifications will be discerned by one skilledin the art.

The following Preparations describe the preparation of certainintermediates used in the Methods and Examples that follow. Thefollowing Preparations, Methods and Examples are intended to illustrateparticular embodiments of the invention and preparations thereto and arenot intended to limit the specification, including the claims, in anymanner. Unless noted otherwise, all reactants were obtainedcommercially.

In the non-limiting Examples and Preparations that are set out later inthe description and in the aforementioned Schemes, the followingabbreviations, definitions and analytical procedures may be referred to:

Abbreviations

ACE-Cl: 1-chloroethyl chloroformate

Boc: tert-butoxy carbonyl

CO: carbon monoxide

DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

DCE: dichloroethane

DCM: dichloromethane

DIEA: diisopropylethylamine

DMAP: 4-dimethylaminopyridine

DMF: dimethylformamide

DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide

EDCI: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

EtOAc: ethyl acetate

EtOH: ethyl alcohol

FA: formic acid

h: hour

HATU: O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate

HCl: hydrochloric acid

HNO₃: nitric acid

H₂O: water

H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide

HOAc: acetic acid

HOBT: hydroxybenzotriazole

H₂SO₄: sulfuric acid

K₂CO₃: potassium carbonate

KHMDS: potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide

LiOH.H₂O: lithium hydroxide monohydrate

PMB: para-methoxybenzyl

MeCN: acetonitrile

MeOH: methanol

MgSO₄: magnesium sulfate

min: minutes

MS: mass spectrometry

Na: sodium

Na₂S₂O₃: sodium hydrosulfite

Na₂SO₄: sodium sulfate

NH₄Cl: ammonium chloride

NaHCO₃: sodium bicarbonate

NaHMDS: sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide

N-BuLi: n-butyllithium

NBS: N-bromosuccinimide

Pd(PPh₃)₄: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0)

PdCl₂(dppf):[1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II),

POCl₃: phosphorus oxychloride

S_(N)Ar: substitution nucleophilic aromatic

TBAF: tetrabutylammonium fluoride

TBA-HSO₄ tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate

TBS: tert-butylsilyl

TBSCl: tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride

TEA: triethylamine

TFA: trifluoroacetic acid

TFAA: trifluoroacetic anhydride

THF: tetrahydrofuran

TLC: thin layer chromatography

Zn: zinc

¹H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were in all cases consistentwith the proposed structures. Characteristic chemical shifts (δ) aregiven in ppm downfield from tetramethylsilane (for ¹H-NMR) usingconventional abbreviations for designation of major peaks: e.g. s,singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet; br, broad.The following abbreviations have been used for common solvents: CDCl₃,deuterochloroform; d₆-DMSO, deuterodimethylsulphoxide; and CD₃OD,deuteromethanol.

Mass spectra, MS (m/z), were recorded using either electrosprayionization (ESI) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).Where relevant and unless otherwise stated the m/z data provided are forisotopes ¹⁹F, ³⁵Cl, ⁷⁹Br and ¹²⁷I.

Assignment of enantiomer stereochemistry was based upon the consistentSAR pattern observed for this series of IRAK4 inhibitors and assumptionsin light of the stereochemistry ascertained in previous series, asdetailed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/678,114,filed by Pfizer Inc on Apr. 3, 2015, and co-pending U.S. ProvisionalApplication 62/204,521, filed on Aug. 13, 2015.

EXAMPLES Example 18-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde

To 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.00 g, 40.9 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (100 mL)at room temperature was added isopropyl nitrate (10.8 g, 102 mmol)followed by TBA-HSO₄ (139 mg, 0.409 mmol). Sulfuric acid (5 mL) wasadded dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 30 min. Themixture was washed with brine, and the organic layer was collected anddried over anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue waspurified via flash chromatography using 0-99% EtOAc in petroleum etherto give the title compound as a solid (3.1 g, 45% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.43 (s, 1H), 10.32 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.43(m, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (m, 1H). HPLC: Ultimate XB-C18, 3 um, 3.0×50 mm,SN:111201514 Mobile phase: 1% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA) to 5% MeCN inwater (0.1% TFA) in 1 min then from 5% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA) to 100%MeCN (0.1% TFA) in 5 min hold at 100% MeCN (0.1% TFA) for 2 min thenback to 1% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA) at 8.01 min, and hold 2 min. Flowrate: 1.2 ml/min. Retention time 3.19 min.

Step 2: Preparation of Dimethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)malonate

To 3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzaldehyde (200 mg, 1.20 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) wasadded piperidine (118 uL, 1.20 mmol) followed by dimethyl malonate (190mg, 1.20 mmol) and HOAc (87.9 uL, 1.20 mmol). The resulting brownmixture was stirred at 80° C. for 20 h. The mixture was concentrated todryness. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with 0.1 NHCl followed by brine, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrousMgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified byflash chromatography on silica gel using 0-40% EtOAc in petroleum etherto give the title compound as a yellow solid (150 mg, 45% yield). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 10.79 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.52 (t, 1H), 7.22 (d,1H), 6.86 (d, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.62 (s, 3H). HPLC: Ultimate XB-C18, 3um, 3.0×50 mm, SN:111201514 Mobile phase: 1.0% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA)to 5% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA) in 1 min then from 5% MeCN in water (0.1%TFA) to 100% MeCN (0.1% TFA) in 5 min hold at 100% MeCN (0.1% TFA) for 2min then back to 1% MeCN in water (0.1% TFA) at 8.01 min, and hold 2min. Flow rate: 1.2 ml/min. Retention time 3.92 min.

Step 3: Preparation of Methyl8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

To a solution of dimethyl 2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzylidene)malonate (5.0g, 18 mmol) in MeOH (240 mL) was added Na₂S₂O₄ (12.4 g, 71.1 mmol). Theclear solution was stirred for 5 h at 80° C. The mixture was filteredand the filtrates concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue wascombined with another batch prepared using dimethyl[(E)-2-(3-hydroxy-2-nitrophenyl)ethenyl]propanedioate (3.0 g, 11 mmol)in MeOH (240 mL) and Na₂S₂O₄ (7.43 g, 42.7 mmol). The combined batcheswere purified via flash chromatography using 0-10% MeOH in DCM to givethe title compound as a yellow solid (2.5 g, 40%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,METHANOL-d4) δ 8.62 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, 1H), 7.06-7.16 (m, 2H), 3.90 (s,3H). MS m/z 220 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of Methyl8-(benzyloxy)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate

To a mixture of methyl8-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (2000 mg, 9.12 mmol)in DMF (3.0 mL) was added DBU (1390 mg, 9.12 mmol). The mixture wasstirred for 5 min at which time N-benzyl bromide (1560 mg, 9.12 mmol)was added and the mixture heated to 70° C. for 16 h. N-benzyl bromide(700 mg, 4 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated for 4 h. Themixture was cooled to ambient temperature. The mixture was partitionedbetween brine and EtOAc. Solids were collected via vacuum filtration.The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organicextracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was combinedwith the solid filtrate from above and was triturated with 75% EtOAc inhexanes, and filtered and dried to give the title compound as anoff-white solid (1.15 g, 41% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.16(br s, 1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 2H), 7.36-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.27-7.36 (m,2H), 7.14 (t, 1H), 5.32 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H). MS m/z 310 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of Methyl 8-hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylate

To a round bottom flask containing methyl8-(benzyloxy)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (1000 mg, 3.23mmol) was added POCl₃ (8.0 mL) and DMF (3 drops). The mixture was heatedto 95° C. for 2 h and was then concentrated under reduced pressure.Toluene (3 mL) was added and removed under reduced pressure. To this wasadded a solution previously made and kept under nitrogen of sodium (850mg of sodium in kerosene, 37 mmol, washed with hexanes to removekerosene) in MeOH (20 mL). The mixture was heated to 65° C. overnight.The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, and partitioned betweenEtOAc and 1 N HCl. The layers were separated and the aqueous phaseextracted 3 times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified via flash chromatography on silica gel using 0-20%EtOAc in hexanes over 5 column volumes, holding at 20% EtOAc for 4column volumes then 20-60% EtOAc in hexanes over 2 column volumes togive a mixture of the title compound and methyl8-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylate (0.512 g). This mixturewas carried forward without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.37-7.46 (m, 3H),7.29-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.21 (d, 1H), 5.38 (s, 2H), 4.23 (s, 3H), 4.19 (s,2H), 3.98 (s, 4H). Waters Acquity HSS T3, 2.1×50 mm, C18, 1.7 μm; Columntemperature 60° C., 0.1% formic acid in water (v/v); Mobile phase B:0.1% formic acid in MeCN (v/v) Flow-1.25 ml/min Initial conditions:A-95%:B-5%; hold at initial from 0.0-0.1 min; Linear Ramp to A-5%:B-95%over 0.1-1.0 min; hold at A-5%:B-95% from 1.0-1.1 min; return to initialconditions 1.1-1.5 min. Retention time 0.81 min. MS m/z 234 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6: Preparation of 8-Hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide

To a mixture of methyl 8-hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxylate (463.2mg, 1.433 mmol) in a pressure vessel was added 7N ammonia in MeOH (2000mg, 100 mmol, 20 mL). The vessel was sealed and the mixture heated to70° C. overnight. The solids were collected via vacuum filtration anddried. The filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure andpurified via flash chromatography using 0-100% EtOAc in hexanes aseluent to give a mixture of the title compound and8-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide (164 mg, 22% yield). Thismixture was carried forward without further purification. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.99 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 7.85 (br s, 1H), 7.72 (br s,1H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 7.22-7.38 (m, 6H), 7.10-7.17 (m, 1H),5.81 (br s, 2H), 5.30 (s, 1H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 4.18 (s, 3H). WatersAcquity HSS T3, 2.1×50 mm, C18, 1.7 μm; Column temperature 60° C., 0.1%formic acid in water (v/v); Mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in MeCN(v/v) Flow-1.25 ml/min Initial conditions: A-95%:B-5%; hold at initialfrom 0.0-0.1 min; Linear Ramp to A-5%:B-95% over 0.1-1.0 min; hold atA-5%:B-95% from 1.0-1.1 min; return to initial conditions 1.1-1.5 min.Retention time 0.74 min. MS m/z 219 [M+H]⁺.

Step 7: Preparation of 8-Hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile

A flask containing 8-hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide (164 mg,0.752 mmol) was sealed with a rubber stopper, placed briefly undervacuum then purged with nitrogen. 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and pyridine (0.49mL, 6.01 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 10 min and then TFAA (631 mg, 3.01 mmol) was addeddropwise, producing a slightly exothermic reaction. The mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The mixture was partitionedbetween brine and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous phaseextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to givea mixture of the crude title compound and8-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile (169.7 mg, >100% yield).This mixture was carried forward without further purification. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 2H), 7.38-7.49(m, 4H), 7.31-7.38 (m, 3H), 5.39 (s, 1H), 4.25 (s, 2H), 4.23 (s, 3H).Waters Acquity HSS T3, 2.1×50 mm, C18, 1.7 μm; Column temperature 60°C., 0.1% formic acid in water (v/v); Mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid inacetonitrile (v/v) Flow-1.25 ml/min Initial conditions: A-95%:B-5%; holdat initial from 0.0-0.1 min; Linear Ramp to A-5%:B-95% over 0.1-1.0 min;hold at A-5%:B-95% from 1.0-1.1 min; return to initial conditions1.1-1.5 min. Retention time 0.89 min. MS m/z 201 [M+H]⁺.

Step 8: Preparation of8-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile

To a mixture of(3S,4S,5S)-4-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (167 mg,0.834 mmol) in DCM (2.0 mL) was added DIEA and methanesulfonyl chloride(197 mg, 1.71 mmol). The mixture was placed under nitrogen and stirredat ambient temperature for 2 h. The mixture was evaporated by allowing astream of nitrogen to evaporate the DCM. To the residue was added asolution of 8-hydroxy-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile (269 mg, 1.67mmol) in DMF (3.0 mL) followed by K₂CO₃ (346 mg, 2.50 mmol). The mixturewas heated to 50° C. overnight. K₂CO₃ (200 mg, 1.45 mmol) was added andthe mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight. The reaction was incompleteand so additional mesylate was generated to complete the reaction. To around bottom flask was added(3S,4S,5S)-4-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (269 mg,1.67 mmol) in DCM, and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. DIEA andmethanesulfonyl chloride (191 mg, 1.67 mmol) were added. The mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 2 h then a stream of nitrogen was passed into theflask to evaporate the DCM. The residue was dissolved in DMF and thiswas added to the heated reaction mixture above with additional K₂CO₃(346 mg, 2.50 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight untilcomplete by LCMS analysis. The mixture was partitioned between brine andEtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase extracted withEtOAc. The combined EtOAc extracts were washed four times with brine,dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified via flash chromatography on silica gel using 0-100%EtOAc in hexanes as eluent to give the title compound as an off-whitesolid (36 mg, 12% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.44 (s, 1H),7.39-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.28 (dd, 1H), 6.86 (br s, 1H), 4.95 (d, 0.5 H), 4.82(d, 0.5H), 4.40 (d, 1H), 4.17-4.27 (m, 5H), 2.46-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.87(m, 2H), 1.15 (t, 3H). MS m/z 344 [M+H]⁺.

Step 9: Preparation of8-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide

To a mixture of8-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile(36 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMSO was added K₂CO₃ (72 mg, 0.52 mmol). 30%hydrogen peroxide (83 mg, 0.73 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirredat ambient temperature for 4.5 h. The mixture was partitioned betweenbrine and EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous phaseextracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts were washed fivetimes with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified via flash chromatographyusing 0-5% MeOH in DCM as eluent to give the title compound as anoff-white solid (11 mg, 30%). ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.00 (s, 1H),7.88 (br s, 1H), 7.54 (d, 1H), 7.36 (t, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.08 (br s,1H), 6.06 (br s, 1H), 4.92 (d, 0.5 H), 4.81 (d, 0.5 H), 4.37 (dd, 1H),4.26 (s, 3H), 4.15-4.24 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.81 (m, 2H),1.12 (t, 3H). MS m/z 362 [M+H]⁺.

Example 24-(1,3-Oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of1-Hydroxy-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To 1-chloro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (500 mg, 2.03mmol) in a sealable tube was added 1, 4-dioxane (6.7 mL), followed byconcentrated HCl (3.3 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). The mixture changed from aclear yellow solution to a thick slurry and the addition was exothermic.The tube was sealed and heated to 120° C. for 3 h. The slurry wasdiluted with H₂O and the solids collected via filtration and washed withH₂O to give the title compound as a yellow solid (410 mg, 88.6%). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.51 (br s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.16(dd, 1H), 6.56 (d, 1H), 4.90 (spt, 1H), 1.37 (d, 6H). MS m/z 229 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of4-Bromo-1-hydroxy-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

A suspension of 1-hydroxy-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(7.69 g, 34 mmol) in MeCN (673 mL) treated portionwise with NBS (7.26 g,41 mmol) over a period of 5 min and the reaction mixture was stirred at15° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solids werewashed with MeCN and dried under vacuum to give the title compound as apale green solid (2.7 g, 26%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.82 (d,1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 4.94 (td, 1H), 1.37 (d,6H). MS m/z 307 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of4-Bromo-1-chloro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

A suspension of4-bromo-1-hydroxy-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (5800mg, 18.9 mmol) in POCl₃ (180 mL) was heated to reflux for 1.5 hours. Themixture was then cooled to room temperature and the excess POCl₃ wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was poured onto ice andquenched by the addition of K₂CO₃. The aqueous solution was then dilutedwith DCM and the layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extractedwith DCM and the combined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filteredand concentrated to give the title compound as an off-white solid (5.8g, 94% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H),7.66 (s, 1H), 4.91 (td, 1H), 1.54 (d, 6H). MS m/z 326 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of4-Bromo-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a solution of4-bromo-1-chloro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (2.5 g,7.68 mmol) and (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (1.06 g, 9.21 mmol)in THF (80 mL) at −15° C. was added 1N NaHMDS (19.2 mL, 19.2 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at −15° C. for 3 h then warmed to 25° C.and stirred for 16 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NH₄Cl andthe mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic extracts werewashed with brine, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography using 0/100 to 7/93MeOH/DCM to give the title compound as a yellow solid (1.24 g, 40%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.30-8.45 (m, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.56(s, 1H), 6.47 (br s, 1H), 4.76-4.94 (m, 1H), 4.63 (dd, 1H), 4.29-4.43(m, 1H), 4.22 (br s, 1H), 2.29-2.56 (m, 3H), 1.87-2.13 (m, 1H),1.34-1.56 (m, 6H). MS m/z 404 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of 2-(Tributylstannanyl)-1,3-oxazole

A solution of oxazole (1.00 g, 14.5 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at −78° C. wastreated with n-BuLi (5.79 ml, 14.5 mmol, 2.5M butyllithium in hexane).After stirring for 30 min, tributyltin chloride (3.93 mL, 14.5 mmol) wasadded and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 1h, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultingresidue was treated with hexane (50 mL), and the resulting precipitatewas separated by filtration through filtercel. The filtrates wereconcentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as an oil(4 g, 80%, 50% purity by NMR). This material was used without furtherpurification.

Step 6: Preparation of4-(1,3-Oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

A solution of4-bromo-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(404 mg, 1.0 mmol), 2-(tributylstannanyl)-1,3-oxazole (1.43 g, 2.0 mmol)and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (35 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeCN (50 mL) was stirred at 80°C. for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified byflash chromatography (MeOH/DCM from 1/100 to 3.8/96.2) to give the titlecompound as a yellow solid (0.12 g, 31% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 9.68 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H),6.46 (br s, 1H), 4.78-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.72 (dd, 1H), 4.47 (dd, 1H), 4.25(br s, 1H), 2.37-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.03 (t, 1H), 1.50 (d, 6H). MS m/z 393[M+H]⁺.

Step 7: Preparation of4-(1,3-Oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide.

A mixture of4-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(60 mg, 0.15 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (106 mg, 0.76 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) wasstirred at 25° C. for 5 min. H₂O₂ (121 mg, 1.07 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture quenched withdimethyl sulfide (95 mg, 1.53 mmol) and stirred at 25° C. for 30 min.The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM and EtOAc. The filtrate wasconcentrated and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Column:Ultimate XB-C18, 3 um, 3.0×50 mm Retention Time: 3.46 min Mobile phase:from 1% MeCN in water (0.05% TFA) to 100% MeCN in water (0.05% TFA).Flow rate: 1.2 mL/min Wavelength: 220 nm) to give crude product (30 mg,90% purity). The crude product was stirred in MeOH (1.5 mL) for 2 minand filtered to give the title compound as a white solid (20 mg, 32%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.43 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s,1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.78 (br s, 2H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 4.96(td, 1H), 4.56 (dd, 1H), 4.40 (dd, 1H), 4.06 (br s, 1H), 2.17-2.38 (m,3H), 1.94 (d, 1H), 1.41 (dd, 6H). MS m/z 433 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 34-(4-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of Tert-butyl2-bromo-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of 2-bromo-4-methyl-1H-imidazole (300 mg, 1.86mmol) and DMAP (341 mg, 2.79 mmol) in dry THF (12 mL) was added BOC₂O(0.43 mL, 1.86 mmol) and was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. Themixture was evaporated to dryness and diluted with EtOAc. The organicphase was washed with saturated solution of NaHCO₃, and then brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude waspurified by flash chromatography using 8-15% EtOAc in hexane the givethe title compound as an off-white solid (190 mg, 59% yield). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.14 (s, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s, 9H). MS m/z 261[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a stirred solution of4-bromo-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(4 g, 9.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) was added freshly driedpotassium acetate (2.91 g, 29.7 mmol) and bis(pinacolatodiboron) (3.52g, 13.9 mmol). The mixture was degassed with argon for 20 min at whichtime tetrakis triphenylphosphine palladium (0) (572 mg, 0.49 mmol) wasadded and the mixture heated to 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was cooledto room temperature and filtered through Celite. The filtrate wasevaporated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography (10-20%acetone in DCM) to give 3 g of boronate ester which also containedtriphenylphosphine oxide. This was further purified by trituration with20% EtOAc in hexane (3 times) to give the title compound as a lightbrown solid (2.3 g, 52% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.70-8.89(m, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 5.00 (td, 1H), 4.54(dd, 1H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 4.03 (br s, 1H), 2.10-2.37 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.95(m, 1H), 1.25-1.47 (m, 18H). MS m/z 452 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(150 mg, 0.33 mmol), tert-butyl2-bromo-4-methyl-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (104.17 mg, 0.39 mmol) andK₂CO₃ (114.74 mg, 0.83 mmol) were dissolved in dioxane/H₂O (3 mL of a4:1 mixture) and was degassed with argon for 10 min. Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM(13.57 mg, 0.017 mmol) was added and the mixture was again degassed for5 min. The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture wasdiluted with EtOAc and was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated. The crude material was purified by preparative TLC (5%MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound as a solid (42 mg, 31% yield). ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.7 (d, 1H), 9.78 (d, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.17(s, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 0.5H),6.88 (s, 0.5H), 5.02 (td, 1H),4.53 (dd, 1H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 4.05 (br s, 1H), 2.20-2.32 (m, 6H),1.91(m, 1H), 1.40-1.44 (m, 6H). MS m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of4-(4-Methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A stirred solution of4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 mL) was treated with finely powderedK₂CO₃ (81.8 mg, 0.59 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated to 45°C. To this solution was slowly added 30% H₂O₂ (0.19 mL, 1.93 mmol)dropwise. After 45 min the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH,filtered and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was evaporated under reducedpressure. The crude material was purified by preparative HPLC to givethe title compound as a yellow solid (8 mg, 13% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 12.28 (br s, 1H), 9.19-9.42 (m, 2H), 8.15 (d, 2H), 7.72 (brs, 2H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 6.81-7.03 (m, 1H), 4.93 (td, 1H), 4.51 (dd, 1H),4.36 (dd, 1H), 4.05 (br s, 1H), 2.18-2.31 (m, 5H), 1.89-1.99 (m, 1H),1.40 (dd, 6H). MS m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Example 44-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.22 mmol), 3-iodo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (55.34 mg, 0.26 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (76.5 mg, 0.54 mmol) were dissolved in dioxane/H₂O (2 mL, 4:1)and degassed with argon for 10 min. Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (9.04 mg, 0.012mmol) was added and the reaction mixture and was again degassed for 5min. The mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h. The mixture was dilutedwith EtOAc and was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated. The crude was purified by silica gel column chromatography(4% MeOH/DCM) to obtain the title compound as a brown solid (90 mg,˜100% yield) which was contaminated with an impurity. This material wasused in next step without further purification. MS m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A stirred solution of4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(90.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 mL) was treated with finely powderedK₂CO₃ (122.66 mg, 0.88 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 45° C. A 30%H₂O₂ (0.29 ml, 2.88 mmol) solution was added slowly dropwise to thereaction mixture. After 45 min the reaction mixture was diluted withMeOH, filtered and washed with MeOH. The filtrate was evaporated underreduced pressure. The crude was purified by preparative HPLC to give thetitle compound as an off white solid (12 mg, 13% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H),7.64-7.76 (m, 3H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.94 (td, 1H), 4.50 (dd, 1H), 4.36 (dd,1H), 4.05 (br s, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.36 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.97 (m,1H), 1.41 (t, 6H). MS m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Example 54-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of4-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.22 mmol), 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole (42.57 mg, 0.26 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (76.49 mg, 0.55 mmol) were dissolved in dioxane/H₂O (2 mL,4:1) and the mixture was was degassed with argon for 10 min.Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (9.05 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added, and the mixtures wasdegassed for 5 min. The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 16 h.The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with EtOAc and waswashed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The crudematerial was purified by silica gel column chromatography (0-4%MeOH/DCM) to give the title compound as an off white solid (75 mg, ˜84%yield) which contained an impurity and was used in next step withoutfurther purification. MS m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A stirred solution of4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(75.0 mg, 0.18 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 ml) was treated with finely powderedK₂CO₃ (102 mg, 0.74 mmol) and was heated to 45° C. This solution wasslowly treated with 30% H₂O₂ (0.24 ml, 2.41 mmol) solution drop wise.After 45 min the reaction mixture was diluted with methanol and filteredand washed with methanol. The filtrate was evaporated under reducedpressure. The crude was purified by preparative HPLC to give the titlecompound as an off white solid (14 mg, 18% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.74(br s, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 4.95 (td, 1H), 4.49 (dd, 1H),4.34 (dd, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.18-2.36 (m, 3H), 1.93 (d, 1H), 1.38-1.44(m, 6H). MS m/z 424 [M+H]⁺.

Example 64-(4-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of 4-Methyl-2-(tributylstannanyl)-1,3-oxazole

A solution of 4-methyloxazole (1.00 g, 12 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at −78°C. was treated with n-BuLi (4.81 mL, 12 mmol, 2.5M in hexane). After 30min, an addition of tributyltin chloride (3.92 g, 12 mmol) was made andthe solution was allowed to warm to room temperature. Stirring wascontinued for another hour, after which most of the solvents wereevaporated in vacuo. The resulting residue was taken up in hexane (50mL) and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. Thefiltrate was evaporated to give the title compound as an oil (4 g, 89%,60% purity by NMR). This material was used without further purification.¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.53 (s, 1H), 2.21 (s, 3H), 1.68-1.58 (m,10H), 1.36-1.32 (m, 9H). 1.21-1.71 (m, 8H), 0.92-0.88 (m, 14H). NMRindicates the presence of tributyltin chloride.

Step 2: Preparation of4-(4-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

A solution of4-bromo-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(300 mg, 0.742 mmol), 4-methyl-2-(tributylstannanyl)-1,3-oxazole (1.7 g,2.7 mmol) and trans-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (52 mg,0.10 mmol) in MeCN (50 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hours. Thesolvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel (MeOH/DCM from 0/100 to 4/96) to give thetitle compound as a yellow solid (140 mg, 46% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 9.67 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 6.77(br s, 1H), 4.88 (td, 1H), 4.69 (dd, 1H), 4.44 (dd, 1H), 4.24 (br s,1H), 2.37-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.92-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.57 (m,6H). MS m/z 429 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of4-(4-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A mixture of4-(4-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(80 mg, 0.20 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (136 mg, 0.98 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) wasstirred at 25° C. for 5 min. H₂O₂ (156 mg, 1.38 mmol) was added. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was quenchedwith dimethyl sulfide (122 mg, 1.97 mmol) and stirred at 25° C. for 30min. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM and EtOAc. The filtercake was suspended in MeOH (2 mL) and stirred for 2 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filter cake was suspended in MeOH/DCM (1/10, 5 mL) andstirred for 5 min. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated to give the title compound as an off-white solid (23 mg,28%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s,1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.79 (br s, 1H), 7.74 (s, 2H), 4.86-5.02 (m, 1H),4.55 (d, 1H), 4.39 (dd, 1H), 4.06 (br s, 1H), 2.13-2.40 (m, 6H), 1.93(br s, 1H), 1.40 (dd, 6H). MS m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Example 74-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Prepartion of Methyl6-cyano-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxylate

A mixture of4-bromo-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(6.5 g, 16.08 mmol), TEA (4.88 g, 48.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (1.18 g,1.61 mmol) in MeOH (500 mL) was stirred under CO (50 psi) at 80° C. for16 h. The mixture was filtered and the solvent was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (MeOH/DCMfrom 0/100 to 5/95) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (5.3 g,86% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.58(s, 1H), 6.29 (br s, 1H), 4.85 (td, 1H), 4.72 (dd, 1H), 4.48 (dd, 1H),4.23 (br s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 2.31-2.53 (m, 3H), 1.93-2.15 (m, 1H),1.49 (d, 6H). MS m/z 406 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of6-Cyano-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxylicacid

A mixture of methyl6-cyano-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxylate(5.2 g, 13.56 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O (1.71 g, 40.7 mmol) in H₂O (20 mL),EtOH (20 mL) and THF (80 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 3 h. The mixturewas acidified with 1N HCl to pH 7 and the solvent was evaporated. To theresidue was added NaHCO₃ (2 g) in H₂O (100 mL) and the mixture stirredfor 15 min. The mixture was washed with DCM and the water phase wasacidified with 1N HCl to pH 6. The mixture was filtered to give thetitle compound as an off-white solid (3.4g, 68% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H),4.91-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.52-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.37 (dd, 1H), 3.89-4.18 (m, 1H),2.12-2.36 (m, 3H), 1.91 (br s, 1H), 1.41 (dd, 6H). MS m/z 370 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of6-Cyano-N-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxamide

To a solution of6-cyano-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxylicacid (300 mg, 0.81 mmol) and DIEA (315 mg, 2.4 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) andDCM (30 mL) was added 3-aminobutan-2-one (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) and HATU(463 mg, 1.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 3 h.The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel (MeOH/DCM from 0/100 to 4/96) to give thetitle compound as an off-white solid (200 mg, 56% yield). MS m/z 370[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of4-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a mixture of6-cyano-N-(3-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxamide(130 mg, 0.30 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (30 mL) at 0° C. was addedDIEA (1 mL) and TFAA (1 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to20° C. and stirred for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residuewas purified by flash chromatography over silica gel (MeOH/DCM from0/100 to 4/96) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (110 mg, 88%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.65 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.59 (s,1H), 7.04 (br s, 1H), 4.87 (td, 1H), 4.75 (dd, 1H), 4.45 (dd, 1H),4.21-4.35 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.23 (s, 3H),1.97-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.50 (dd, 6H). MS m/z 443 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of4-(4,5-Dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A mixture of4-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.238 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (164 mg, 1.19 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) wasstirred at 25° C. for 5 min. H₂O₂ (189 mg, 1.66 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was quenchedwith dimethyl sulfide (148 mg, 2.38 mmol) and stirred at 25° C. for 30min. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM and EtOAc. Thefiltrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparativeHPLC (Column: DIKMA Diamonsil(2) C18 200*20 mm*5 um Mobile phase: from24% MeCN in water (0.225% FA) to 44% MeCN in water (0.225% FA) Flowrate: 30 mL/min Wavelength: 220 nm) to give the title compound as ayellow solid (23 mg, 22% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.77 (br s, 1H),7.72 (s, 1H), 4.90-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.54 (d, 1H), 4.38 (dd, 1H), 4.05 (brs, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.34 (m, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.94 (d, 1H),1.40 (dd, 6H). One NH obscured. MS m/z 439 [M+H]⁺.

Example 84-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of2-Iodo-4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazole

To a stirred solution of (2-iodo-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methanol (250 mg, 1.14mmol) and imidazole (155 mg, 2.28 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedtriisopropylsilyl chloride (0.29 mL, 1.37 mmol). The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and waswashed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated underreduced pressure. The crude was purified by column chromatography(10-30% EtOAc in hexane) to give the title compound as an off whitesolid (400 mg, 92% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.62-12.45 (m,1H), 7.02-6.75 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.53 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.07 (m, 3H), 1.06-0.95(m, 18H). MS m/z 382 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of Tert-butyl2-iodo-4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of2-iodo-4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazole (400 mg, 1.05mmol) and DMAP (193 mg, 1.58 mmol) in dry THF (20 mL) was added BOC₂O(0.242 mL, 1.05 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 16 h. The mixture was evaporated to dryness and diluted with EtOAc.The organic phase was washed with 0.5N HCl solution, saturated aqueoussolution of NaHCO₃, water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated togive the title compound as a light yellow semisolid (500 mg, 99% yield).¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.43 (s, 1H), 4.55 (s, 2H), 1.58 (s, 9H),1.02-0.94 (m, 18H).

Step 3: Preparation of1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-[4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(200 mg, 0.44 mmol), tert-butyl2-iodo-4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate(255 mg, 0.53 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (153 mg, 1.11 mmol) were dissolved indioxane/H₂O (3.0 mL, 4:1) and was degassed with argon for 10 min.Pd(dppf)Cl₂.DCM (18 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixturewas degassed for 5 min. The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for16 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with EtOAc,washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and was concentrated. Thecrude was purified by column chromatography (2% MeOH/DCM) to give thetitle compound (150 mg, ˜59% yield). This material also contained someimpurity along with desired compound and was used in next step withoutfurther purification. MS m/z 578 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of4-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a stirred solution of1-{[(2S)-5-Oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-[4-({[tri(propan-2-yl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(147 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was added TBAF [1M in THF] (0.38 mL,0.38 mmol) at 0° C. and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for1 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water, brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude waspurified by silica gel column chromatography (5-10% MeOH/DCM) to givethe title compound as a brown solid (95 mg, 88% yield). MS m/z 422[M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of4-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A stirred solution of4-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(95 mg, 0.23 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was treated with finely powdered K₂CO₃(125 mg, 0.90 mmol) and was heated to 45° C. 30% H₂O₂ (0.30 mL, 2.93mmol) solution was added slowly dropwise. After 45 min the mixture wasdiluted with MeOH and filtered and washed with MeOH. The filtrate wasevaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material was purified bypreparative HPLC to give the title compound as a yellow solid (7 mg, 7%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.79(s, 1H), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 4.99 (td, 1H), 4.67 (s, 1H), 4.52-4.66 (m,2H), 4.24 (br s, 1H), 2.37-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.06-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.50 (t,6H). One proton obscured by a solvent peak. MS m/z 440 [M+H]⁺.

Example 94-(5-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of6-Cyano-N-(2-oxopropyl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxamide

To a solution of6-cyano-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxylicacid (200 mg, 0.541 mmol) and DIEA (210 mg, 1.62 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) andDCM (20 mL) was added 1-aminopropan-2-one (59.3 mg, 0.541 mmol) and HATU(309 mg, 0.812 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 3h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel (MeOH/DCM from 0/100 to 4/96) to give thetitle compound as an off-white solid 10 (150 mg, 65% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 6.85 (br s, 1H),6.34 (br s, 1H), 4.84 (td, 1H), 4.68 (dd, 1H), 4.38-4.49 (m, 3H), 4.23(br s, 1H), 2.37-2.54 (m, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.12 (m, 1H), 1.48 (d,6H). MS m/z 447 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of4-(5-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a mixture of6-cyano-N-(2-oxopropyl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-4-carboxamide(130 mg, 0.31 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (20 mL) at 0° C. was addedTFAA (1 mL) and DIEA (1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C.for 2 h. The reaction mixture was warmed to 20° C. and stirred for 18 h.TFAA (1 mL) and DIEA (3 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred at20° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with DCM (30 mL), washed withsaturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography oversilica gel (MeOH/DCM from 0/100 to 4/96) to give the title compound as ayellow solid (60 mg, 48% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.67 (s, 1H),8.56 (s, 1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.40 (br s, 1H), 4.86 (td,1H), 4.70 (dd, 1H), 4.46 (dd, 1H), 4.25 (br s, 1H), 2.05 (d, 1H), 1.62(s, 3H), 1.43-1.54 (m, 6H). Some peaks were obscured by solvent. MS m/z429 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of4-(5-Methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A mixture of4-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(60 mg, 0.15 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (102 mg, 0.74 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) wasstirred at 25° C. for 5 min. H₂O₂ (117 mg, 1.03 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was quenchedwith dimethyl sulfide (91.7 mg, 1.48 mmol) and stirred at 25° C. for 30min. The mixture was filtered and washed with DCM and EtOAc. Thefiltrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparativeHPLC (Column: DIKMA Diamonsil(2) C18 200*20 mm*5 um Mobile phase: from20% MeCN in water (0.225% FA) to 40% MeCN in water (0.225% FA) Flowrate: 30 mL/min Wavelength: 220 nm) to give the title compound as ayellow solid (13 mg, 21% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.44 (s,1H), 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.77 (br s, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.13 (s,1H), 4.86-5.04 (m, 1H), 4.50-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.06 (brs, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.36 (m, 3H), 1.94 (br s, 1H), 1.40 (dd, 6H).The NH proton obscured. MS m/z 425 [M+H]⁺.

Example 101-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of4-Nitro-1-oxo-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a mixture of1-oxo-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (8.3 g,36.4 mmol) in AcOH (160 mL) and EtOAc (30 mL) at 0° C. was added HNO₃(9.17 g, 145 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to roomtemperature and was then heated at 50° C. for 12 h. The reaction mixturewas poured in to ice water. The mixture was filtered to give the titlecompound as a yellow solid (5.1g, 51% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 11.52 (br s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.16 (t, 1H), 6.56 (d,1H), 4.82-5.01 (m, 1H), 1.37 (d, 6H). MS m/z 274 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of1-Chloro-4-nitro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a stirred solution of4-nitro-1-oxo-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(6.2 g, 22.7 mmol) in POCl₃ (50 mL) was added TEA (2.3 mg, 22.7 mmol)and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The mixture wascooled to room temperature and excess of POCl₃ was evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was quenched with aq. NaHCO₃. The aqueousphase was extracted with DCM. The combined organic phase was washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water, followed by brine, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether/DCM from 0/100 to 43/57)to give the title compound as a yellow solid (4.8 g, 73% yield). ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 12.64 (br s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 7.85(s, 1H), 4.97 (td, 1H), 1.38 (d, 6H). MS m/z 292 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of1-{[(2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-nitro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a solution of1-chloro-4-nitro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (3 g,10.3 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (6.7 g, 20.6 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) wasadded (4R,5S)-4-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (1.77 g, 12.3mmol). The mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixturewas filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was evaporated invacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0% to 30%MeOH in DCM) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (2.4 g, 59%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.12 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s, 1H), 7.61 (s,1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.91 (td, 1H), 4.56-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.01-4.21 (m, 1H),2.60-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.51 (dd, 1H), 2.17 (dd, 1H), 1.62-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.50(dd, 6H), 1.03 (t, 3H).

Step 4: Preparation of4-Amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a solution of1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-nitro-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(4.1 g, 10.3 mmol) in THF (51 mL), H₂O (51 mL) and EtOH (25 mL) wasadded Zn (6.73 g, 103 mmol) and NH₄Cl (5.5 g, 103 mmol). The resultingmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture wasfiltered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was evaporated invacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0% to 12%MeOH in EtOAc) to give the title compound as a yellow solid (3.4 g, 90%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.30 (s,1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.71 (td, 1H), 4.35-4.51 (m, 2H), 4.01-4.08 (m, 1H),2.56-2.69 (m, 1H), 2.42-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.20 (dd, 1H), 2.05 (s, 1H), 1.44(dd, 6H), 0.98 (t, 3H). MS m/z 369 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of4-Amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(1.4 g, 3.8 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (2.63 g, 19 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was addedH₂O₂ (1.29 g, 38 mmol). The resulting orange mixture was stirred at 25°C. for 16 h. H₂O₂ (517 mg, 15.2 mmol) was added, and the resultingmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The reaction mixture was pouredinto water, and the resulting solids were collected by filtration andwashed with water. The solid was dried to give the title compound as ayellow solid (1.1 g, 75% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.37 (s,1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.69 (br s, 2H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s,2H), 4.83 (td, 1H), 4.17-4.36 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 1H),2.20-2.31 (m, 1H), 2.06-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.58 (td, 1H), 1.39 (t, 6H), 0.90(t, 3H). MS m/z 387 [M+H]⁺.

Step 6: Preparation of1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added benzenesulfonylchloride (55 mg, 0.31 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 h.Water (5 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC (Column: Ultimate XB-C18 3 um, 3.0*50 mm, GradientTime: 11 min, Mobile phase: from 1% MeCN in water (0.05% TFA) to 100%MeCN in water (0.05% TFA), Flow rate: 35 mL/min, Wavelength: 220 nm) togive the title compound as a white solid (78 mg, 57% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.30 (br s, 1H), 8.95 (br s, 1H), 8.17 (br s, 1H), 8.00(s, 1H), 7.69 (d, 3H), 7.28-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.24(m, 2H), 7.09 (br s, 1H), 4.65-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.56 (d, 1H), 4.33 (d, 1H),4.05 (d, 1H), 2.60 (d, 1H), 2.46 (dd, 1H), 2.19 (dd, 1H), 1.57 (d, 3H),1.44 (d, 3H), 1.38 (d, 1H), 0.96 (t, 3H). MS m/z 527 [M+H]⁺.

Example 111-{[(2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-[(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added pyridine-3-sulfonylchloride (53 mg, 0.25 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 h.Water (5 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic solvent was dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC (Column: Agela durashell C18*21.2 mm*5 μm, GradientTime: 11 min, Mobile phase: from 30% MeOH in water (0.225% FA) to 50%MeOH in water (0.225% FA), Flow rate: 35 mL/min, Wavelength: 220 nm) togive the title compound as a white solid (67 mg, 61% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.83 (br s, 1H), 8.64 (br s, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.26 (brs, 1H), 7.93-8.13 (m, 3H), 7.19 (br s, 1H), 7.06 (br s, 1H), 4.71 (br s,1H), 4.59 1H), 4.33 (br s, 1H), 4.06 (d, 1H), 2.62 (br s, 1H), 2.47 (dd,1H), 2.19 (dd, 1H), 1.61 (d, 3H), 1.56 (br s, 2H), 1.45 (d, 3H), 1.40(br s, 1H), 0.97 (t, 3H). MS m/z 528 [M+H]⁺.

Example 121-{[(2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(1H-imidazol-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added 1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylchloride (138 mg, 0.828 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5h. Water (5 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄. The residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC (Column: Agela durashell C18*21.2 mm*5 μm, GradientTime: 11 min, Mobile phase: from 20% MeOH in water (0.225% FA) to 40%MeOH in water (0.225% FA), Flow rate: 35 mL/min, Wavelength: 220 nm) togive the title compound as a white solid (46 mg, 43% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.92 (br s, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s,1H), 7.73 (br s, 1H), 7.66 (br s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 2H),4.79-4.88 (m, 1H), 4.38 (d, 2H), 3.90 (br s, 1H), 2.21-2.35 (m, 2H),2.04-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.38 (dd, 6H), 0.90 (t, 3H). Peakobscured by solvent. MS m/z 539 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 131-{[(2S,3R)-3-Ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-{[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (45 mg, 0.25 mmol). Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 h. Water (5 mL) was added, and themixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic phase was driedover Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: Ageladurashell C18*21.2 mm*5 μm, Gradient Time: 11 min, Mobile phase: from25% MeOH in water (0.225% FA) to 45% MeOH in water (0.225% FA), Flowrate: 35 mL/min, Wavelength: 220 nm) to give the title compound as awhite solid (81 mg, 74% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.27 (br s,1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 7.99 (br s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.46 (br s, 1H), 7.34(br s, 1H), 7.25 (br s, 1H), 7.20 (br s, 1H), 7.12 (br s, 1H), 4.76 (brs, 1H), 4.52-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.41 (d, 1H), 4.08 (br s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H),2.61 (br s, 1H), 2.47 (dd, 1H), 2.20 (dd, 1H), 1.59 (d, 2H), 1.51 (d,3H), 1.44 (d, 3H), 0.98 (t, 3H). MS m/z 531 [M+H]⁺.

Example 144-{[(1,2-Dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethvl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of4-amino-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide(80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in pyridine (2 mL) was added1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (60 mg, 0.31 mmol). Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 5 h. Water (5 mL) was added, and themixture was extracted with DCM. The combined organic phase was driedover Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (Column: Ageladurashell C18*21.2 mm*5 μm, Gradient Time: 11 min, Mobile phase: from20% MeOH in water (0.225% FA) to 40% MeOH in water (0.225% FA), Flowrate: 35 mL/min, Wavelength: 220 nm) to give the title compound as awhite solid (57 mg, 51% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.18 (s,1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.71 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (br s, 1H), 7.60(s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 4.83 (td, 1H), 4.39 (d, 2H),3.89-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 2.23-2.34 (m, 5H), 2.03-2.16 (m, 2H),1.51-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.37 (dd, 6H), 0.91 (t, 3H). MS m/z 545 [M+H]⁺.

Example 154-Amino-1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-4-nitroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a vial was added1-chloro-7-methoxy-4-nitroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (0.2 g, 0.76mmol), (3S,4S,5S)-4-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one(0.12 g, 0.76 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.24 g, 3.8 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane(7.6 mL). The mixture was stirred vigorously overnight. The mixture wasfiltered through a plug of silica gel and rinsed with EtOAc. Thefiltrates were purified via silica gel chromatography using 0-20%MeOH/DCM. The residue was further purified on silica gel using 0-100%EtOAc in heptane to give the title compound as a solid (135 mg, 46%yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.03-9.20 (m, 1H), 8.92 (s, 1H), 7.84(s, 1H), 7.41 (br s, 1H), 4.80-5.01 (m, 2H), 4.51 (dd, 1H), 4.16-4.29(m, 1H), 4.04-4.14 (m, 3H), 2.51-2.75 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.92 (m, 1H),1.58-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.15 (t, 3H). MS m/z 389 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-Ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-4-nitroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a round bottom flask was added1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-4-nitroisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(90 mg, 0.23 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (1.75 mL, 26.8 mmol). Themixture was heated to 70° C. for 18 h. The mixture was quenched in ice.To this mixture was added EtOAc and the mixture made basic to pH 10 withthe addition of ammonium hydroxide. The layers were separated and theaqueous phase extracted five times with EtOAc. The combined EtOAcextracts were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified viasilica gel chromatography using 0-20% methanol in DCM to give the titlecompound as a solid (63 mg, 67% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.10(s, 1H), 8.79 (s, 1H), 7.82 (br s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.56 (br s, 1H),6.62 (br s, 1H), 5.01 (d, 1H), 4.84-4.95 (m, 1H), 4.58 (d, 1H), 4.30 (brs, 1H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 2.56-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.18 (s, 1H), 1.99-2.10 (m,1H), 1.64-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.16 (t, 3H). MS m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of4-Amino-1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a mixture of zinc (91 mg, 1.39 mmol), ammonium chloride (75 mg, 1.39mmol) and1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-4-nitroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide(57 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added water (0.7 mL), tetrahydrofuran (0.7 mL)and ethanol (0.35 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperaturefor 20 min. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrateswere purified via silica gel chromatography using 0-20% methanol in DCMto give the title compound as a solid (37 mg, 71% yield). ¹H NMR (400MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 4.96 (dd,1H), 4.51 (dd, 1H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 4.17 (sext, 1H). 4.06 (s, 3H),2.78-2.61 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.11 (t, 3H). MS m/z 377 [M+H]⁺.

Example 161-(((4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of ethyl 2-cyclopropylideneacetate

A suspension of (1-ethoxycyclopropoxy)trimethylsilane (68 g, 390 mmol),ethyl 2-(triphenylphosphanylidene)acetate (178 g, 507 mmol) and benzoicacid (6.19 g, 50.7 mmol) in toluene (1020 mL) was stirred at 90° C.overnight. After cooling, the reaction mixture was concentrated toremove toluene. To the residue was added ether (500 mL) and petroleumether (250 mL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h,The resulting mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated togive the crude product, which was purified by flash column (petroleumether/EtOAc=10/1) to give ethyl 2-cyclopropylideneacetate as yellow oil(50 g, which was used without further purification). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ=6.40 (s, 1H), 4.38 (m, 2H), 1.40-0.69 (m, 7H).

Step 2: Preparation of ethyl 2-(1-(nitromethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate

A mixture of ethyl 2-cyclopropylideneacetate (40 g, 317 mmol),nitromethane (96.8 g, 1590 mmol) and DBU (483 g, 317 mmol) in CH₃CN (160mL) was stirred at 60° C. overnight under N₂ atmosphere. The reactionmixture was poured into 1N HCl (400 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (600mL×2). The combined layers were washed with water and brine, then driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The crude product was purified by flash column(petroleum ether/EtOAc=10/1) to give ethyl2-(1-(nitromethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate (32.5 g, 55% yield) as colorlessoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=4.43 (s, 2H), 4.17 (m, 2H), 2.50 (s, 2H),1.28 (m, 3H), 0.88-0.69 (m, 4H).

Step 3: Preparation of ethyl2-(1-(2-hydroxy-1-nitroethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate

A solution of compound ethyl 2-(1-(nitromethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate (15g, 80 mmol) in iPrOH (15 mL) was stirred with paraformaldehyde (4.65 g,160 mmol) and KF (466 mg, 8.01 mmol) at 22° C. for 7 h. The resultingmixture was treated with EtOAc (500 mL×3) and H₂O (200 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine, dried and concentrated to givethe crude product, which was purified by column chromatography(petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=3/1) to give ethyl2-(1-(2-hydroxy-1-nitroethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate (9 g, 52% yield) as acolorless oil. Starting material (4 g, 27% yield) was recovered asyellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.16-3.95 (m, 3H), 3.93-3.85 (m,1H), 3.16 (br s, OH), 2.81 (d, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 2.18 (d, 1H),1.25-1.16 (m, 3H), 0.97-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.81-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.67-0.53 (m,1H).

Step 4: Preparation of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one

A mixture of ethyl 2-(1-(2-hydroxy-1-nitroethyl)cyclopropyl)acetate(5.50 g, 25.3 mmol) and Raney Ni (2.0 g) in EtOH (100 mL) was stirred at30-40° C. for 6 h under H₂ atmosphere. The resulting mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was stirred at 80° C. for 36 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purifiedby flash column to give 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one(1.9 g, 53% yield) as an off white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.72 (br. s., 1H), 4.67 (t, 1H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.39(d, 1H), 1.88 (d, 1H), 0.86-0.73 (m, 1H), 0.61-0.41 (m, 3H). MS m/z142.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one

To a stirred solution of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one(4.50 g, 31.9 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) was added TsOH.H₂O (60.6 mg,0.319 mmol) followed by 2,2-dimethoxypropane (13.3 g, 128 mmol). Thereaction mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h. The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue wasdissolved in MTBE (500 mL), washed with 1N aq NaOH (50 mL) and water (50mL) then dried over Na₂SO₄ to give3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one(5.4 g, 93% yield) as colorless oil, which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

Step 6: Preparation of6′-fluoro-3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one

A solution of3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one(5.4 g, 29.8 mmol) in dry THF (130 mL) was briefly placed under a vacuumthen purged with nitrogen. The mixture was chilled in a dry ice-acetonebath for 15 min at which time LiHMDS (27 mL, 67.5 mmol) was slowly addedvia syringe. The resulting mixture was stirred chilled for 45 min atwhich time the mixture was added via cannula to a mixture ofN-fluorodibenzenesulphonimide (NFSI) (12.2 g, 38.7 mmol) in dry THF (130mL) pre-cooled to −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 15 min.The cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was slowlyquenched with water (100 mL). EtOAc (200 mL) was added. The organicphase was stirred with 5% aq Nal (13.4 g NaI in 250 mL H₂O) for 15 min.The organic phase was washed with 0.1M sodium thiosulfate (100 mL), 1NNaOH (100 mL), and finally brine. The organic phase was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and the residue was purified via flash chromatographyusing 40% EtOAc: heptanes to give6′-fluoro-3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one(3 g, 50% yield), a white solid, as a mixture of diastereomers. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.19-5.00 (m, 0.5H), 4.58-4.41 (m, 0.5H), 4.38 (m,0.5H), 4.04 (m, 0.5H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.36 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 3H),1.52 (m, 3H), 1.29-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.99-0.58 (m, 3H). MS m/z 200.1 [M+H]⁺

Step 7: Preparation of7-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one

To a stirred solution of6′-fluoro-3′,3′-dimethyldihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclopropane-1,7′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol]-5′(6′H)-one(1 g, 5.02 mmol) in acetonitrile-water (10 mL: 0.5 mL) was added TFA(57.2 mg, 0.50 mmol) and mixture was heated to 90° C. for 1 h. Themixture was concentrated to dryness and azeotroped three times with MeCN(3×10 mL), once with MeCN-water (10 mL+0.5 mL) and with toluene (10mL×3) to give 7-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one(0.8 g, ˜100%) was obtained as a white solid as a ˜1:1 mixture ofdiastereomers which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ=8.61 (br. s., 0.5H), 8.34 (br. s., 0.5), 4.98-4.69 (m,0.5H), 4.57-4.33 (m, 0.5H), 3.55-3.17 (m, 4H), 1.07-0.55 (m, 4H).

Step 8: Preparation of1-((7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To the stirred solution of1-chloro-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (600 mg, 2.43 mmol) and7-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one (426 mg, 2.68mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added dropwise KHMDS (6.1 mL, 6.1 mmol, 1M inTHF) under N₂ atmosphere at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1h. The mixture was treated with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution andextracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3), washed with water followed by brine (50mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure.

The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (50%EtOAc-hexane) to give a first eluting isomer as racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(300 mg, 33% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.92(s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H),5.14-4.96 (d, 1H), 4.96-4.87 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.83 (t, 1H),1.40 (dd, 6H), 1.11-1.00 (m, 2H), 0.89-0.76 (m, 2H). An nOe experimentrevealed a spatial interaction between the fluorine containing carbonC—H (5.14-4.96 (d, 1H)), and the isopropyl group, requiring the transrelationship between the fluorine and the CH₂O— group. MS m/z 388.0[M+H]⁺ and MS m/z 409.9 [M+Na]⁺.

The second eluting isomer was collected as racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(500 mg, 56% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.50(s, 1H), 8.00-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 4.90 (td, 1H),4.72-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.48 (dd, 1H), 4.27-4.17 (m, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H), 1.38(t, 6H), 1.09-0.96 (m, 4H).

Step 9: Separation of Racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture of racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(300 mg, 0.812 mmol) in DMSO (12 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (561 mg, 4.06 mmol)at 15° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 5 min. To thereaction mixture was added H₂O₂ (0.36 mL) at 15° C. The reaction mixturewas stirred at 15° C. for 2 h. To the resulting mixture was added H₂O(15 mL) at 0-5° C. and and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 15° C. Themixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with H₂O (40 mL) anddried under vacuum to give racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide(220 mg, 70% yield) as a white solid.

The enantiomers were separated by preparative chiral SFC chromatography.Instrument: SFC-200 Column: Chiralpak AS 300×50 mm I.D., 10 um. Mobilephase: Supercritical CO₂/MeOH (0.1% NH₃H₂O)=55/45 at 200 mL/min ColumnTemp: 38° C. Nozzle Pressure: 100 Bar. Nozzle Temp: 60° C. EvaporatorTemp: 20° C. Trimmer Temp: 25° C.

1-(((4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide.Analytical SFC chromatography Column: Chiralpak AS-H 150×4.6 mm I.D., 5μm. Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in CO₂ from 5% to 40%. Flow rate:3 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm. Analytical SFC chromatography retentiontime 4.265 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H),7.89 (d, 1H), 7.72 (br. s., 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 5.15-4.94(m, 1H), 4.90-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.39 (d, 2H), 3.81 (br. s., 1H), 1.40 (dd,6H), 1.06 (br. s., 2H), 0.83 (d, 2H). MS m/z 388.0 [M+H]⁺ and MS m/z409.9 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 171-(((4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Analytical SFC chromatography Column: Chiralpak AS-H 150×4.6 mm I.D., 5μm. Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in CO₂ from 5% to 40%. Flow rate:3 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm. Analytical SFC chromatography retentiontime 4.678 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H),7.89 (d, 1H), 7.72 (br. s., 2H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 5.15-4.94(m, 1H), 4.90-4.81 (m, 1H), 4.39 (d, 2H), 3.81 (br. s., 1H), 1.40 (dd,6H), 1.06 (br. s., 2H), 0.83 (d, 2H). MS m/z 388.1 [M+H]⁺ and MS m/z410.0 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 18 Racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a stirred mixture of racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(400 mg, 1.08 mmol) in DMSO (16 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (748 mg, 5.41 mmol)at 15° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C. for 5 min. H₂O₂(0.5 mL) was added at 15° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 15° C.for 2 h. H₂O (20 mL) was added at 0-5° C. and the mixture was stirredfor 1 h at 15° C. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake waswashed with H₂O (50 mL) and dried under vacuum to give racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide(300 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid.

The enantiomers were separated by preparative chiral SFC chromatography.Instrument: SFC-200 Column: Chiralpak AS 300×50 mm I.D.,10 μm. Mobilephase: Supercritical CO₂/MeOH (0.1% NH₃H₂O)=55/45 at 200 mL/min ColumnTemp: 38° C. Nozzle Pressure: 100 Bar. Nozzle Temp: 60° C. EvaporatorTemp: 20° C. Trimmer Temp: 25° C.

1-(((4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide.

Analytical SFC chromatography Column: Chiralpak AS-H 150×4.6 mm I.D., 5μm. Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in CO₂ from 5% to 40%. Flow rate:3 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm. Analytical SFC chromatography RetentionTime: 4.161 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H),7.88 (d, 1H), 7.77-7.67 (m, 3H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 4.86 (td, 1H), 4.72-4.52(m, 1H), 4.46 (dd, 1H), 4.22 (dd, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H), 1.37 (t, 6H),1.08-0.93 (m, 4H). MS m/z 388.1 [M+H]⁺ and MS m/z 410.0 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 191-(((4S,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Analytical SFC chromatography Column: Chiralpak AS-H 150×4.6 mm I.D., 5μm. Mobile phase: methanol (0.05% DEA) in CO₂ from 5% to 40%. Flow rate:3 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm. Analytical SFC chromatography RetentionTime: 6.239 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H),7.88 (d, 1H), 7.77-7.67 (m, 3H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 4.86 (td, 1H), 4.72-4.52(m, 1H), 4.46 (dd, 1H), 4.22 (dd, 1H), 3.73 (d, 1H), 1.37 (t, 6H),1.08-0.93 (m, 4H). MS m/z [M+H]+ 387.9 and MS m/z [M+Na]+ 409.9.

Example 211-(((4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of1-((7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a mixture of 1-chloro-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (650 mg,2.97 mmol) and 7-fluoro-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-one(530 mg, 3.33 mmol) in DMF (15.0 mL) at 0° C. was added KHMDS (6.54 mL,1 M in THF) dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 1h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 30° C. and was stirredfor 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with aq. NH₄Cl (10 mL) andwas partitioned between H₂O/EtOAc (100 mL/100 mL). The aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (100 mL×2). To the organic layer was added MeOH(100 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ then filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The filter cake was slurriedwith 150 mL EtOAc and stirred for 18 hours at 35° C. then filtered andthe solvent was evaporated. The filtrates were combined, concentratedand purified by flash column (EtOAc: petroleum ether from 50% to 70%) togive two fractions (140 mg and 657 mg) as yellow solids.

The first fractions (140 mg) were mixed with another batch prepared inthe same manner, and purified by flash column (EtOAc: petroleum etherfrom 40% to 55%) to give 335 mg of an early fraction (23% yield) as ayellow solid. This material was converted to the carboxamide and itsenantiomers separated at that stage.

Racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

Early fraction ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.54 (s, 1H),7.99 (d, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 5.18-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.47-4.38(m, 1H), 4.37-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.05 (s, 3H), 3.84 (dd, 1H), 1.11-1.01 (m,2H), 0.89-0.76 (m, 2H). MS m/z 342.0 [M+H]⁺.

Racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

The second fractions (657 mg) were mixed with another batch prepared inthe same manner and purified to give a 500 mg late fraction (34% yield)as yellow solid. This material was separately converted to thecarboxamide and its enantiomers separated at that stage. Late fraction¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, 1H),7.81 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, 1H), 4.70-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.49 (dd, 1H), 4.21 (dd,1H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.74 (br. s., 1H), 1.10-0.97 (m, 4H). MS m/z 342.0[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of Racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A yellow mixture of racemic1-(((anti)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(230 mg, 0.67 mmol) from Step 1 and K₂CO₃ (466 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DMSO(8.0 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 5 min, and then H₂O₂ (0.46 mL, 15mmol) was added slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at 30° C. for2 h. To the reaction mixture was added H₂O (18 mL) at 0-5° C. and themixture was stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was filtered and the filtercake was washed with H₂O (20 mL×4). The residue was dried under reducedpressure to give the crude product (202 mg, 84% yield) as an off-whitesolid. The enantiomers were separated by SFC. MS m/z 382.1 [M+Na]⁺.Enantiomer separation: Chiral SFC Chromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30mm, 5 μm) Mobile phase: EtOH:CO₂=40:60 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 50mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm

1-(((4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Analytical chiral chromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm) Mobilephase: EtOH:CO₂=40:60 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 50 mL/min. Wavelength:220 nm. Retention time 6.437 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.92 (s,1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.85 (br. s., 1H), 7.72 (br. s., 1H),7.53 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 5.18-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.98(s, 3H), 3.82 (t, 1H), 1.11-1.01 (m, 2H), 0.90-0.75 (m, 2H). MS m/z382.1 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 221-(((4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Analytical chiral chromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm) Mobilephase: EtOH:CO₂=40:60 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 50 mL/min. Wavelength:220 nm. Retention time 7.090 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.90 (s,1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, 1H), 7.84 (br. s., 1H), 7.70 (br. s., 1H),7.53 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 5.17-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.44-4.33 (m, 2H), 3.98(s, 3H), 3.85-3.79 (m, 1H), 1.07 (d, 2H), 0.89-0.73 (m, 2H). MS m/z382.1 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 231-(((4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A mixture of racemic1-(((syn)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(350 mg, 1.02 mmol) from Example 21, Step 1, and K₂CO₃ (709 mg, 2.20mmol) in DMSO (10.4 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 5 min, and then H₂O₂(0.90 mL, 29 mmol) was added slowly. The resulting white slurry wasstirred at 30° C. for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added H₂O (30 mL)at 0-5° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filter cake was washed with H₂O (30 mL×3). The residuewas dried under reduced pressure to afford crude product (350 mg, 95%yield) as an off-white solid. The enantiomers were separated by SFCchromatography. MS m/z 360.0 (M+H)⁺. Enantiomer separation by Chiral SFCChromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm) Mobile phase:EtOH:CO₂=40:60 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 50 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm.

1-(((4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide.Analytical Chiral SFC Chromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm)Mobile phase: EtOH:CO₂=30:70 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 60 mL/min.Wavelength: 220 nm. Retention time 6.687 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6)δ 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.84 (br. s., 1H), 7.74 (s,1H), 7.69 (br. s., 1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 4.70-4.52 (m, 1H), 4.48 (dd, 1H),4.23 (dd, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.74 (br. s., 1H), 1.02 (br. s., 4H). MSm/z 359.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 241-(((4S,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Analytical Chiral SFC Chromatography: Column: AD (250 mm×30 mm, 5 μm)Mobile phase: EtOH:CO₂=30:70 (0.1% NH₄OH). Flow rate: 60 mL/min.Retention time 6.829 min ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.15(s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H), 7.84 (br. s., 1H), 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.69 (br. s.,1H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 4.70-4.52 (m, 3H), 4.48 (d, 2H), 4.22 (br. s., 2H),3.95 (s, 3H), 3.74 (br. s., 1H), 1.02 (br. s., 4H). MS m/z 360.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 254-(((2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of Ethyl N-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)glycinate

The preparation of ethyl N-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)glycinate wascarried out in five parallel batches. To a solution of3-bromo-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (5.0 g, 20 mmol), and ethyl glycinate(8.12 g, 58.1 mmol, HCl salt) in DCM (120 mL) was added TEA (5.12 g,50.7 mmol), followed by AcOH (3.07 g, 51.2 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (11.8 g,55.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 15° C. under nitrogen atmosphereovernight. A total of five batches were prepared in this manner andcombined for workup and purification. The resulting mixture was pouredinto saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL), and extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and thesolvent was removed to give a crude oil, which was subsequently purifiedby silica gel chromatography using EtOAc/petroleum ether (20% to 100%)to give the title compound as an oil (26 g, 74% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 7.43-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.26 (dd, 1H), 7.03 (d, 1H), 4.08 (q, 2H),3.82 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 2H), 3.26 (s, 2H), 1.18 (t, 3H). MS m/z 304[M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of EthylN-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycinate

The preparation of ethylN-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycinate wascarried out in five parallel batches. To a solution of ethylN-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)glycinate (5000 mg, 16.5 mmol) and pyridine(6540 mg, 82.7 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride(3150 mg, 16.5 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 15° C.overnight. To the mixture was added DMAP (202 mg, 1.65 mmol) and themixture was stirred at 15° C. overnight. A total of five batches wereprepared in this manner and combined for workup and purification. Themixture was acidified with concentrated HCl to pH 3 and extracted withDCM. The combined organic layers were washed with anhydrous Na₂SO₄,concentrated in vacuo and purified by silica gel chromatography(EtOAc/petroleum ether from 8% to 20%) to give the title compound as awhite solid (21 g, 56% yield) (84% purity by LCMS). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.30-7.36 (m, 3H), 7.19 (dd, 1H), 6.83 (d, 1H),4.40 (s, 2H), 4.02 (q, 2H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H),1.16 (t, 3H). MS m/z 477.8 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation ofN-(3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycine

To a solution of ethylN-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycinate (10.0g, 21.9 mmol) in a mixture of THF/MeOH (70 mL/70 mL) was added asolution of LiOH.H₂O (1840 mg, 43.8 mmol) in H₂O (50 mL) at 15° C. Themixture was stirred at this temperature for 4 h. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo and diluted with H₂O (100 mL), then acidified withconcentrated HCl to pH 3. The resulting mixture was extracted with DCM,dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to givethe title compound as a white solid (9 g, 96% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.34 (d, 2H), 7.28 (d, 1H), 7.17 (dd, 1H), 6.84(d, 1H), 4.39 (s, 2H), 3.94 (s, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 2.44-2.50 (m, 3H). MSm/z 449.7 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation ofN-(3-Bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycyl chloride

A solution ofN-(3-bromo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycine (3000mg, 7.00 mmol) was co-evaporated with dry toluene (30 mL×3) to removewater and was dissolved in dry DCM (75 mL). To the mixture was addedoxalyl chloride (4450 mg, 35.0 mmol) and DMF (3 drops) at 15° C. undernitrogen. The mixture was stirred for 2 h. The solution was evaporatedto give crude title compound as a yellow solid (3130 mg, ˜100%), whichwas used directly in the next step. MS m/z 465 [M+Na]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of7-Bromo-6-methoxy-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydroisoquinolin-4(1H)-one

To a solution ofN-(3-romo-4-methoxybenzyl)-N-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]glycyl chloride(3130 mg, 7.01 mmol) in DCM (15 mL) was added AlCl₃ (2340 mg, 17.5 mmol)in one portion at −65° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at−65° C. then slowly warmed to 0° C. and stirred for 1 h. The reactionmixture was quenched with water (15 mL). The mixture was extracted withDCM and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The crude product was purified bysilica gel chromatography using petroleum ether:EtOAc (20:1 to 3:1) aseluent to give the title compound as a yellow solid (1.2 g, 41% yield).¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.63 (d, 2H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 7.27(t, 2H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 2.40 (s, 3H).

Step 6: Preparation of 7-Bromo-6-methoxyisoquinolin-4-ol

To a solution of7-bromo-6-methoxy-2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2,3-dihydroisoquinolin-4(1H)-one(2700 mg, 6.58 mmol) in EtOH (68 mL) was added NaHCO₃ (2210 mg, 26.3mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filter cake was washed with acetone. The filtrate wasconcentrated to give the crude product which was purified by silica gelchromatography using DCM:MeOH (100:1 to 8:1) as eluent to give the titlecompound as a yellow solid (1400 mg, 83% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ 10.46 (br s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H),7.46 (s, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H).

Step 7: Preparation of 4-Hydroxy-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile

To a solution of 7-bromo-6-methoxyisoquinolin-4-ol (1400 mg, 5.51 mmol,1 eq.) in DMF (65 mL) was added Zn(CN)₂ (3240 mg, 27.6 mmol) andPd(PPh₃)₄ (637 mg, 0.551 mmol) at 15° C. The suspension was degassedunder vacuum and purged with nitrogen twice. The reaction was stirredfor 10 min at 15° C. then for 6 h at 140° C. The DMF was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel chromatography using DCM:MeOH (50:1to 10:1) as eluent to give a crude product which was triturated with DCMand filtered to give the title compound (750 mg, ˜68% yield),contaminated with residual DCM. The mother liquor was concentrated togive crude title compound (785 mg, ˜71% yield), contaminated withresidual DCM. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.72 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H),8.70 (s, 1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 4.04 (s, 3H). MS m/z 201[M+H]⁺.

Step 8: Preparation of4-(((2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile

A mixture of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD) (253 mg, 1.25 mmol) andtriphenylphosphine (328 mg, 1.25 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was stirred for 10min under N₂ atmosphere. 4-Hydroxy-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.50 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for about 10min. To this mixture was added(4R,5S)-4-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (93 mg, 0.6t mmol).The mixture was stirred and heated to 65° C. for 16 h under N₂. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified bysilica gel flash chromatography (0% to 15% MeOH in EtOAc) to give thedesired product (106 mg, 57% purity by H NMR, ˜37% yield) as a paleyellow solid. MS m/e 325.9 [M+H]⁺.

Step 9: Preparation of4-(((2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide

To a solution of4-(((2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile(106 mg, 0.19 mmol) in DMSO (4 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (128 mg, 0.93 mmol)and H₂O₂ (147 mg, 30% w/w solution in water, 1.30 mmol) at 20° C. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 2 h and was then diluted withwater (20 mL) and extracted with 10:1 DCM/MeOH (4×25 mL). The combinedorganic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated to give a crude product which was purified by HPLC. Column:Phenomenex Gemini C18 250×21.2 mm×8 um Gradient Time: 10 min. Mobilephase: from 19% MeCN in water (ammonia) to 39% MeCN in water (ammonia).Flow rate: 30 mL/min. Wavelength: 220 nm the desired fractions wereconcentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product (20 mg)as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.59 (s, 1H),8.08 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 4.46 (dd, 1H), 4.25 (dd, 1H), 4.14-4.07 (m,2H), 4.11 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.46 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.33 (m,1H), 1.80-1.67(m, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.03 (t, 3H). MS m/e 344.1[M+H]⁺.

Example 26 4-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of4-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile

A mixture of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (DIAD) (253 mg, 1.25 mmol) andtriphenylphosphine (328 mg, 1.25 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was stirred for 10min under N₂ atmosphere. 4-Hydroxy-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.50 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for about 10min. (3S,4S,5S)-4-Ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (161mg, 0.99 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at 65° C. for 16 hunder N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to give a residue which was purified silica gel flashchromatography (100% EtOAc to 15% MeOH in EtOAc) to give the desiredproduct (25 mg, 4% yield) as a pale yellow oil. MS m/e 343.9 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of4-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide

To a solution of4-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carbonitrile(25 mg, 0.051 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (35.2 mg, 0.255mmol) and H₂O₂ (40.5 mg, 30% w/w solution in water, 0.357 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith water (15 mL) and was extracted with 10:1 DCM/MeOH (4×20 mL). Thecombined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to give a crude product which was purified byHPLC. Column: Phenomenex Gemini C18 250×21.2 mm×8 um. Gradient Time: 11min. Mobile phase: from 19% MeCN in water (ammonia) to 39% MeCN in water(ammonia). Flow rate: 35 mL/min Wavelength: 220 nm. The desiredfractions were concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desiredproduct (15 mg) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.85 (s, 1H),8.59 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 5.07 (d, 0.5H), 4.94 (d,0.5H), 4.31 (d, 2H), 4.21 (dd, 1H), 2.85-2.67 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.64 (m,2H), 1.12 (t, 3H). MS m/e 383.9 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 275-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-3-methoxy-2-naphthamide

Step 1: Preparation of 5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-naphthonitrile

To a stirred suspension of 5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-naphthamide (233 mg,1.07 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added dropwise pyridine (679 mg,8.58 mmol). TFAA (901 mg, 4.29 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 minunder N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h under N₂atmosphere. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washedwith water (2×50 mL), brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated to give 5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-naphthonitrile (210 mg, 98%yield) as an orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.43 (s, 1H),8.43 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.33-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d,1H), 3.99 (s, 3H).

Step 2: Preparation of[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methylmethanesulfonate

To a solution of(3S,4S,5S)-4-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (400 mg,2.48 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added methanesulfonyl chloride (398 mg,3.47 mmol) and TEA (502 mg, 4.96 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂ atmosphere. Thereaction mixture was stirred under N₂ for 1 h at 20° C. The mixture wasdiluted with DCM (80 mL), washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (40 mL),brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give thedesired product (580 mg, ˜98% yield) as a pale yellow oil which was usedwithout further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.95 (br. s.,1H), 4.87 (d, 0.5H), 4.74 (d, Hz, 0.5H), 4.40 (dd, Hz, 1H), 4.11 (t,1H), 4.04-3.94 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.48 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.37 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.48(m, 1H), 1.63 (s, 3H), 1.09 (t, 3H).

Step 3: Preparation of5-(((2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-3-methoxy-2-naphthonitrile

To a solution of 5-hydroxy-3-methoxy-2-naphthonitrile (350 mg, 1.76mmol) in dry DMF (20 mL) was added[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methylmethanesulfonate (580 mg, 2.42 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (486 mg, 3.51 mmol). Themixture was stirred at 60° C. for 6 h, and then was diluted with EtOAc(160 mL), washed with brine (3×60 mL), water (60 mL) and brine (60 mL),and dried over MgSO₄. The crude product was purified by silica gelchromatography using petroleum ether/EtOAc (2:1 to 1:4) to give thedesired product (370 mg, 61% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.49 (br. s., 1H), 7.40-7.34(m, 1H), 7.32-7.28 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H), 5.00-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.20 (d,2H), 4.17-4.08 (m, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 2.71-2.47 (m, 1H), 1.86-1.73 (m,1H), 1.69-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.11 (t, 3H). MS m/e 342.9 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of5-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide

To a solution of5-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide(430 mg, 1.26 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (868 mg, 6.28 mmol)and H₂O₂ (997 mg, 30% w/w solution in water, 8.79 mmol). After 2 h, thereaction mixture was diluted with DCM (120 mL), and washed with brine(2×40 mL), water (30 mL) and brine (30 mL), and dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to give a crude product, which was trituratedwith DCM (10 mL). The mixture was filtered and the cake was washed withwater (2×8 mL) and DCM (6 mL). The cake was collected and dried in vacuoto give the desired product (330 mg, 73% yield) as an off-white solid.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.78 (br. s.,1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.63 (br. s., 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.29 (t, 1H), 7.02(d, 1H), 5.03-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.00 (m, 3H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.72-2.53(m, 1H), 1.71-1.53 (m,2), 1.01 (t, 3H). MS m/e 360.9 [M+H]⁺. MS m/e382.8 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 28(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of(6R,7aS)-6-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-3H,5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one

To a stirred solution of(S)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-3H,5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one (5 g, 32.2mmol) in dry THF (100 mL) was added LDA (2 M solution inTHF/heptane/ethylbenzene, 20 mL, 40.3 mmol) at −78° C. under nitrogenatmosphere. After 30 min, 1-chloro-2-(chloromethoxy)ethane (3.58 mL,35.5 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred 10 min at −78° C. The mixturewas allowed to warm to room temperature and was stirred for 1 h and wasthen quenched with EtOAc:water (1:1). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with brine and dried overNa₂SO₄. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography(0-20% EtOAc-hexane) to afford(6R,7aS)-6-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-3H,5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one(1.25 g, 16%) and the isomer (1.1 g, 14%) and a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 4.15-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.76-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.57 (m,2H), 3.45 (t, 1H), 3.04-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.79 (m,1H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 3H). MS m/z 248.2 [M+H]+.

Step 2: Preparation of(3R,5S)-3-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one

(6R,7aS)-6-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-3,3-dimethyltetrahydro-3H,5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one(734 mg, 2.96 mmol) was dissolved in CH₃CN/H₂O (9 mL/1 mL). p-TsOH (28mg, 0.15 mmol) was added and reaction mixture was heated to ˜90° C.After 1 h the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature,concentrated, and azeotroped with CH₃CN. The residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography (5-20% MeOH/DCM) to afford the title compound(581 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 6.22 (br. s., 1H), 3.87-3.67 (m,5H), 3.65-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.49 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.31(m, 2H), 2.24 (t, 1H), 1.91-1.77 (m, 1H) MS m/z 207.9 [M+H]+.

Step 3: Preparation of 1-chloro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a stirred solution of1-chloro-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (2 g, 8.13 mmol) in DCM(25 mL) was added AlCl₃ (3.44 g, 25.8 mmol) and the mixture was headedin a 50° C. bath for 16 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated underreduced pressure and was treated with ice water to afford a solid whichwas filtered, washed with water and dried to afford1-chloro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (1.4 g, 84% yield) aslight yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd-6) δ 11.95 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s,1H), 8.22 (d, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H), 7,68 (s, 1H). MS m/z 205.2 [M+H]+.

Step 4: Preparation of1-chloro-7-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methoxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

A solution of 1-chloro-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile (1 g, 4.9mmol) in DCM (12 mL) was treated with DIEA (1.3 mL, 5.86 mmol). After 10min, SEM chloride (0.99 mL, 5.38 mmol) was added dropwise. The reactionmixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution then pouredinto NaHCO₃ and extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic phasewas dried over MgSO₄. Chromatography on silica gel (10-30% EtOAc/heptanegradient) gave the title compound (1.20 g, % yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 8.30 (d, 1H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, 1H), 5.52(s, 2H), 3.92-3.85 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.96 (m, 2H), 0.02 (s, 9H). MS m/z334.1 [M+H]+.

Step 5: Preparation of1-(((2S,4R)-4-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methoxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-Chloro-7-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methoxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(1.04 g, 3.09 mmol) and(3R,5S)-3-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one(710 mg, 3.42 mmol) were dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and cooled to 0° C.KHMDS (6.81 mL, 1M toluene solution) was added dropwise. After 15 minthe reaction mixture was quenched first with with water (˜7 mL) thenwith 10% aqueous NaH₂PO₄ solution (˜4 mL) and extracted twice withEtOAc. The organic phase was concentrated and the residue was purifiedby silica gel chromatography (50-100% EtOAc/heptane gradient) to afforda yellow solid (689 mg). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, MeOD) δ 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s,1H), 7.96 (d, 1H), 7.34 (d, 1H), 5.60-5.49 (m, 2H), 4.63 (dd, 1H), 4.46(dd, 1H), 4.23-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.91 (t, 2H), 3.82-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.67(m, 3H), 3.66-3.61 (m, 2H), 2.83-2.74 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.49 (m, 1H),2.09-1.98 (m, 1H), 0.99 (t, 2H), -0.01 (s, 9H). MS m/z 528.2 [M+Na]+.

Step 6: Preparation of1-(((2S,4R)-4-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

1-(((2S,4R)-4-((2-chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methoxy)isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(480 mg , 0.95 mmol) was suspended in MeOH (7 mL) and cooled to 0° C. Asolution of conc. HCl (1.5 mL) in MeOH (3 mL) was added. The reactionwas warmed to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The reactionmixture was carefully quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution.The mixture was partially concentrated then poured into water (20 mL)and adjusted to pH to 6-7 with 1 N HCl. This solution was extractedtwice with EtOAc and dried over MgSO₄. The residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluting with a 0-5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gradient toafford the title compound (323 mg, 91% yield) as an oil. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CDCl₃) δ=10.03 (br. s., 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, 1H), 7.82 (s,1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 4.81 (dd, 1H), 4.27-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.14(q, 1H), 3.86 (dd, 1H), 3.75-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.61-3.48 (m, 2H), 2.86 (tt,1H), 2.56-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.01 (td, 1H) MS m/z 373.9 [M−H]+ and 375.9[M+H]+.

Step 7: Preparation of(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carbonitrile

1-(((2S,4R)-4-((2-Chloroethoxy)methyl)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-hydroxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(100 mg, 0.266 mmol) was dissolved in THF (90 mL). NaI (40.2 mg, 0.266mmol) was added. KOtBu was added (0.56 mL, 0.56 mmol), and after a fewmin, DMF (10 mL) was added and the mixture was heated to 50-55° C. for24 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with 10% aqueous NaH₂PO₄ (˜4mL), then water was added and THF was removed in vacuo. The residue wasportioned with water and EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc, and thecombined organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated.Chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10-60% acetone/CH₂Cl₂ gradientprovided an off-white solid (14.7 mg), which was purified on silica geleluting with a 0 to 10% EtOAc/MeOH gradient to afford the title compound(5.9 mg, 6.5% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ=11.45 (br. s., 1H),8.71 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.39 (d, 1H),4.84 (d, 1H), 4.71-4.62 (m, 1H), 4.53-4.45 (m, 1H), 4.23 (d, 1H), 3.91(t, 1H), 3.81 (d, 2H), 3.77 (d, 1H), 3.49 (d, 1H), 2.69-2.57 (m, 1H),2.19-2.08 (m, 1H). MS m/z 340.2 [M+H]+.

Step 8: Preparation of(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carboxamide

To a solution of(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carbonitrile(5.9 mg, 0.017 mmol) in DMSO-d6 (1.0 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (9.6 mg, 0.068mmol). The suspension was stirred for ˜5 min then hydrogen peroxide wasadded (0.01 mL). An additional 2 drops of H₂O₂ solution (˜0.03 mL) andK₂CO₃ (˜15 mg) added. After 1.5 h, an additional drop of H₂O₂ solution(0.015 mL) was added. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was quenched withMe₂S and stirred for about 15 min. The reaction mixture was filtered andpurified by HPLC to give the title compound (1.8 mg, 30% yield). HPLCconditions: The residue was dissolved in DMSO (1 mL) and purified byreversed-phase HPLC Column: Waters XBridge C18 19×100, 5μ; Mobile phaseA: 0.03% NH₄OH in water (v/v); Mobile phase B: 0.03% NH₄OH inacetonitrile (v/v); Gradient: 95.0% H₂O/5.0% Acetonitrile linear to60.0% H₂O/40.0% Acetonitrile in 10.5 min, 60.0% H₂O/40.0% Acetonitrilelinear to 0% H₂O/100% Acetonitrile in 0.5 min HOLD at 0% H₂O/100%Acetonitrile from 11.0 to 12.0 min. Flow: 25 mL/min. Analytical QCColumn: Waters Atlantis dC18 4.6×50, 5μ; Mobile phase A: 0.05% TFA inwater (v/v); Mobile phase B: 0.05% TFA in acetonitrile (v/v); Gradient:95.0% H₂O/5.0% Acetonitrile linear to 5% H₂O/95% Acetonitrile in 4.0min, HOLD at 5% H₂O/95% Acetonitrile to 5.0 min. Flow: 2 mL/min.Retention time, 1.75 min. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.13(s, 1H), 7.86 (d, 1H), 7.84 (br. s., 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.61 (br. s.,1H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.10-7.04 (m, 1H), 4.78 (d, 1H), 4.59 (dd, 1H), 4.43(dd, 1H), 4.20 (d, 1H), 3.92 (t, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.52 (m,1H), 3.49 (dd, 1H), 3.43 (1H obscured by water), 2.66-2.60 (m, 1H),2.57-2.51 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 1H). MS m/z 358.1 [M+H]+.

Example 297-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of N-(4-methoxybenzyl)but-3-en-1-amine

To a solution of but-3-en-1-amine (1.89 mL, 20 mmol) in EtOH (40 mL) wasadded 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (2.48 mL, 20 mmol). After 15 min, NaBH₃CN(1.55 g, 24 mmol) was added in one portion. After 2 h, another portionof NaBH₃CN (1.55 g, 24 mmol) was added and stirring continued for 4 h.Oven-dried powdered 4 Å molecular sieves (3 g) were then added and themixture was stirred overnight. The mixture was filtered through Celite®and the cake was rinsed with MeOH. The solvent was evaporated underreduced pressure and the resulting crude yellow oil was purified usingsilica gel column chromatography eluting with 10% MeOH in DCM to affordthe title compound as a pale yellow oil (2.69 g, 70% yield). ¹H NMR(CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (d, 2H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 5.71 (ddt, 1H), 5.21(dd, 1H), 5.18-5.16 (m, 1H), 4.05 (s, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.92 (t, 2H),2.51-2.46 (m, 2H). MS m/z 192 [M+H]⁺

Step 2: Preparation of Methyl[but-3-en-1-yl(4-methoxybenzyl)amino](oxo)acetate

N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)but-3-en-1-amine (6.87 g, 35.92 mmol) was dissolvedin DCM (40 mL) and aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (120 mL) was added. Undervigorous stirring, methyl chloro(oxo)acetate (13.20 g, 108 mmol) wasadded dropwise over 5 min. The mixture was stirred for 2 h. The aqueouslayer was extracted with DCM and combined organic extracts were driedover Na₂SO₄. The compound was obtained as a pale yellow oil (7.18 g, 72%yield) as mixture of two rotamers in a 1:1 ratio, and was used withoutpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (d, 1H), 7.21 (d, 1H),6.90 (d, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 5.79-5.71 (m, 0.5H), 5.71-5.62 (m, 0.5H),5.10-5.06 (m, 1H), 5.05-5.01 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 1H), 4.39 (s, 1H), 3.89(s, 1.5H), 3.87 (s, 1.5H), 3.82 (s, 1.5H), 3.81 (s, 1.5H), 3.35 (dd,1H), 3.25-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.25 (m, 1H). MS m/z 278[M+H]⁺

Step 3: Preparation ofN-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide

To a solution of methyl[but-3-en-1-yl(4-methoxybenzyl)amino](oxo)acetate (4.25 g, 15.3 mmol) inMeOH (61.3 mL) was added sodium borohydride (3.00 g, 79.2 mmol) inportions. The reaction was exothermic. After addition was complete, thereaction mixture was stirred until it returned to room temperature. MeOHwas removed under reduced pressure and the resulting slurry waspartitioned in DCM/saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution (40 mL, 1:1 v/v).Water was then added. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and thecombined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andevaporated to dryness to afford the title compound as a colorless oil(3.70 g, ˜97% yield) as a mixture of two rotamers in a 1:1 ratio. Thismaterial was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz):δ 7.20 (d, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 6.90 (d, 1H), 6.87 (d, 1H), 5.82-5.73 (m,0.5H), 5.72-5.63 (m, 0.5H), 5.10 (d, 1H), 5.07-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.62 (s,1H), 4.29 (s, 1H), 4.22 (d, 1H), 4.21 (d, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1.5H), 3.81 (s,1.5H), 3.68 (t, 0.5H), 3.65 (t, 0.5H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.08 (m,1H), 2.35-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.24 (m, 1H). MS m/z 250 [M+H]⁺

Step 4: Preparation ofN-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide

To a solution ofN-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide (6.00 g, 24.1mmol) in DCM (96.3 mL) was added imidazole (2.47 g, 36.10 mmol) followedby TBDMSCI (4.49 g, 28.9 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirredovernight. Water was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM.The combined organic extracts were washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved inMeOH and concentrated. The crude oil was purified using silica gelcolumn chromatography eluting with heptane/EtOAc to afford the titlecompound as a colorless oil (7.72 g, 88% yield) as a mixture of tworotamers in a 1:1 ratio. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, 1H), 7.12(d, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H), 5.80-5.74 (m, 0.5H), 5.74-5.67 (m,0.5H), 5.06 (d, 1H), 5.04-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.56 (s, 1H), 4.52 (s, 1H), 4.37(s, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 1.5H), 3.81 (s, 1.5H), 3.38 (t, 1H),3.29 (t, 1H), 2.33-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.26 (m, 1H), 0.93 (s, 4.5H), 0.89(s, 4.5H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H).

Step 5: Preparation of1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane

A dried flask was charged withN-(but-3-en-1-yl)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)acetamide(4.00 g, 11.0 mmol) and placed under inert atmosphere. Dry THF (110 mL)was added and to the well-stirred solution was added titaniumisopropoxide (4.69 g, 16.5 mmol), followed by dropwise addition over 60min with syringe pump of cyclopentylmagnesium bromide (22.0 mL, 2.0 M indiethyl ether, 44.0 mmol). After 2 h, the reaction was quenched with acold Rochelle's salt solution and extracted with EtOAc. The combinedorganic extracts were washed with water and brine, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After filtration, the volatiles were removed under reducedpressure to yield the crude product. The crude oil was purified usingsilica gel column chromatography eluting with heptane/EtOAc to affordthe title compound as a colorless oil (2.00 g, 52% yield). ¹H NMR(CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (d, 2H), 6.84 (d, 2H), 4.18 (d, 1H), 4.05 (d,1H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.69 (d, 1H), 3.18 (d, 1H), 2.89-2.81 (m, 1H),1.97-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.29 (td, 1H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.85(t, 1H), 0.49 (dd, 1H), 0.06 (s, 6H). MS m/z 348 [M+H]⁺

Step 6: Preparation of 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-ylmethanol hydrochloride

At 0° C. under inert atmosphere, to a solution of1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane(2.00 g, 5.75 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (19.2 mL) was added ACE-Cl(1.08 g, 7.48 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min.Volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the resulting crudematerial was solubilized in MeOH (29 mL). The mixture was heated at 50°C. for 2 h and volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure. Theresulting brown gum was triturated with DCM/heptane (3:1) and thesupernatant was discarded. This operation was repeated 5 times, and thetitle product was obtained as a pale brown solid (860 mg, 99% yield) andwas used without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ 9.45(br. s., 1H), 9.23 (br. s., 1H), 5.33 (br. s., 1H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 1H),3.65 (d, 1H), 3.30-3.24 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.91 (m, 2H),1.65 (td, 1H), 1.10-1.05 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.80 (m, 1H).

Step 7: Preparation of tert-butyl1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylate

To a solution of crude 2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-ylmethanol hydrochloride(860 mg, 5.75 mmol) in DCM (28.7 mL) was added TEA (640 mg, 6.32 mmol)followed by N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (353 mg, 2.87 mmol) and BOC₂O(1.42 g, 6.32 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 24 h, and thenimidazole (472 mg, 6.90 mmol) was added, followed by TBDMSCI (983 mg,6.32 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thereaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and extracted withDCM. The combined organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄. Afterfiltration, the volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to yieldthe crude product. The residue was purified using silica gel columnchromatography eluting with heptane/EtOAc to afford the title compoundas a pale yellow oil (1.52 g, 81% yield). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.32 (br. s., 1H), 3.71-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.45 (br. s., 1H), 2.16-2.05 (m,1H), 1.82-1.73 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.05 (dd, 1H),0.88 (s, 9H), 0.64 (t, 1H), 0.04 (s, 6H).

Step 8: Preparation of tert-Butyl1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylate

Sodium metaperiodate (989 mg, 4.58 mmol) was dissolved in water (25 mL)under N₂, and ruthenium dioxide hydrate (70 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added.After 5 min, tert-butyl1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylate(500 mg, 1.53 mmol) was added as a solution in EtOAc (25 mL), and theresulting biphasic solution was stirred vigorously for 5 h. The reactionmixture was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers werewashed with NaHSO₃ several times until a clear, colorless organic layerwas obtained. The organic layer was further washed with brine and driedover Na₂SO₄. The residue was purified using silica gel columnchromatography eluting with heptane/EtOAc to afford the title compoundas a colorless oil (260 mg, 50% yield). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 4.40(d, 1H), 3.58 (d, 1H), 2.89 (dd, 1H), 2.49 (d, 1H), 1.55 (s, 9H),1.53-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.10 (dd, 1H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 0.66 (t, 1H), 0.05 (s,6H). MS m/z 242 [M-Boc+H]⁺ (Boc-deprotection under LCMS conditions).

Step 9: Preparation of tert-butyl(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methyl carbonate

To a solution tert-butyl1-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylate(155 mg, 0.45 mmol) in THF (0.76 mL) at room temperature was added TBAF(0.73 mL, 1.0 M in THF, 0.73 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30min, then diluted with EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to afford the title compound as a pale yellow oil (103 mg,99%) which was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400MHz): δ 6.03 (br. s., 1H), 4.34 (d, 1H), 4.14 (d, 1H), 2.77 (dd, 1H),2.35 (d, 1H), 1.67-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 1.14 (dd, 1H), 0.72 (t,1H). MS m/z 228 [M+H]⁺

Step 10: Preparation of7-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile

To a solution of tert-butyl (3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methylcarbonate (103 mg, 0.453 mmol) in DMF (3.5 mL) was added KHMDS (1.36 mL,1.0 M in THF, 1.36 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at −10° C. for 15min. Then a solution of 1-chloro-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(104 mg, 0.48 mmol) in DMF (1.0 mL) and the mixture was stirred at −10°C. for 2 h. It was then quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl anddiluted with DCM. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM and thecombined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄.The crude material was purified using silica gel column chromatographyeluting with DCM/EtOAc to afford the title compound as a yellow solid(50 mg, 36% yield). ¹H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz): δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d,1H), 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.23 (d, 1H), 6.60 (br. s., 1H), 4.93 (d, 1H), 4.58(d, 1H), 4.08 (s, 3H), 2.82 (dd, 1H), 2.41 (d, 1H), 1.79-1.72 (m, 1H),0.89 (t, 1H), 0.74 (t, 1H). MS m/z 310 [M+H]⁺

Step 11: Preparation of7-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

A solution of7-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carbonitrile(50 mg, 0.16 mmol) in DMSO (1.6 mL) was treated with K₂CO₃ (112 mg, 0.81mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min, after which timehydrogen peroxide (0.064 mL, 50% w/w in water, 1.13 mmol) was added tothe reaction mixture. Stirring was continued for 5 h. The reactionmixture was quenched with Me₂S (80.3 mg, 1.29 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 30 min before the reaction was filtered through Celite®.The cake was washed with DCM and EtOAc and the filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to give a DMSO solution which was dried at 45° C.overnight with a stream of nitrogen. The crude material was purifiedusing silica gel column chromatography eluting with DCM/MeOH to affordthe title compound as a pale yellow solid (33 mg, 62% yield). ¹H NMR(CDCl₃—with one drop of CD₃OD—400 MHz): δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H),7.56 (br. s., 1H), 7.18 (d, 1H), 4.70 (d, 1H), 4.55-4.46 (m, 1H),4.03-3.98 (m, 3H), 2.68 (dd, 1H), 2.27 (d, 1H), 1.65 (br. s., 1H),1.22-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.67-0.59 (m, 1H). MS m/z 328 [M+H]⁺

This racemic material (29 mg) was separated by chiral chromatographyleading to two enantiomers.

Enantiomer 1: pale yellow solid, 12 mg (100% ee), MS m/z 350.1 [M+Na]⁺.Enantiomer 2: pale yellow solid, 13 mg (99.5% ee). MS m/z, 328.1 [M+H]⁺.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) d=8.58 (s, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, 1H),7.84 (br. s., 1H), 7.69 (br. s, 2H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 4.70 (d, 1H), 4.58(d, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.17(dd1H), 0.61 (t, 1H) one proton obscured, presumably overlapping withwater.

Example 30 Enantiomer 17-methoxy-1-{[(1S,5S)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxy}isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Obtained as pale yellow solid (12 mg). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃—with one drop ofCD₃OD—400 MHz): δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 7.56 (br. s., 1H), 7.18(d, 1H), 4.71 (d, 1H), 4.57-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.99 (m, 3H), 2.68 (dd,1H), 2.26 (d, 1H), 1.63 (br. s., 1H), 1.22-1.11 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.58 (m,1H). MS m/z 350 [M+Na]⁺.

Example 31 Enantiomer 27-methoxy-1-{[(1R,5R)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxy}isoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Obtained as pale yellow solid (13 mg). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃—with one drop ofCD₃OD—400 MHz): δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, 1H), 7.54 (br. s., 1H), 7.17(d, 1H), 4.73 (d, 1H), 4.56-4.47 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.97 (m, 3H), 2.69 (dd,1H), 2.26 (d, 1H), 1.64 (br. s., 1H), 1.23-1.11 (m, 1H), 0.66-0.59 (m,1H). MS m/z 328 [M+H]⁺.

Example 325-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of 1-(aminooxy)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one triflate

In air, tert-butyl hydroxycarbamate (10.68 g, 80.21 mmol) was weighed ina reaction flask equipped with a stir bar. CHCl₃ (201 mL) and2,2-dimethylpropanoic anhydride (17.9 g, 96.3 mmol) were successivelyadded, then the tube was sealed. The reaction was stirred at 80° C. for16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution, and the organic layer was separated, washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated to afford a white solid.This solid was charged in a round bottom flask equipped with a stir bar.Diethyl ether (201 mL) was added and the flask was closed with a septumand cooled to 0° C. Triflic acid (12.00 g, 80.2 mmol) was added in oneportion and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Thereaction mixture was diluted with heptane (400 mL): a precipitate formedand was collected by filtration on a fritted funnel to afford the titlecompound as a white solid (11.9 g, 55% yield). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz): δ 9.44-8.84 (m, 3H), 1.21 (s, 9H). ¹⁹F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz): δ−77.0.

Step 2: Preparation ofN-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-5-methoxypyridine-3-carboxamide

To a solution of 5-methoxypyridine-3-carboxylic acid (5.00 g, 32.6 mmol)in DCM (54.4 mL) and DMF (1.1 mL) was added at room temperature underinert atmosphere oxalyl chloride (4.35 g, 34.3 mmol). After 3 h, asolution of 1-(aminooxy)-2,2-dimethylpropan-1-one triflate (8.90 g, 33.3mmol) in DCM (27.2 mL) and pyridine (5.68 g, 71.8 mmol) (prepared undernitrogen with sonication) was added via syringe and the resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction was thenquenched with a saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution, and the aqueous layerwas extracted with DCM. The combined organic extracts were dried overNa₂SO₄. The residue was purified using silica gel column chromatographyeluting with DCM/EtOAc to afford the title compound as a white solid(5.3 g, 64% yield). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ 12.49 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s,1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.70 (br. s., 1H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 9H). MS m/z253 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation ofN-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-5-methoxypyridine-3-carboxamide 1-oxide

A flask containingN-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-5-methoxypyridine-3-carboxamide (3.30 g,13.1 mmol) was charged with methyl(trioxo)rhenium (32.6 mg, 0.131 mmol)followed by DCM (17.4 mL). 30% aq H₂O₂ (2.94 mL, 28.8 mmol) was added tothe reaction mixture which was stirred at room temperature for 5 h.Aqueous sodium thiosulfate (4 mL) was added and the mixture was stirredat room temperature for 15 min. The reaction mixture was diluted withDCM (30 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure providing a thick oil. The oil wasdissolved in iPrOH (20 mL) and concentrated under reduced pressureproviding the title compound as a white solid (3.33 g, 95% yield). ¹HNMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ 12.63 (s, 1H), 8.27 (s, 1H), 8.18 (s, 1H),7.33 (s, 1H), 3.88 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 9H). MS m/z 269.0 [M+H]⁺

Step 4: Preparation of3-methoxy-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-7,10-methanobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one1-oxide

A vial was charged withN-[(2,2-dimethylpropanoyl)oxy]-5-methoxypyridine-3-carboxamide 1-oxide(530 mg, 1.98 mmol), NaOAc (81.0 mg, 0.99 mmol) andbis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dichlororhodium (30.5 mg, 0.049 mmol).MeOH (10 mL) was added followed by bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene (273mg, 3.0 mmol). The vial was sealed and stirred at 50° C. for 2 h. Themixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered. The white solid waswashed with cold MeOH and thoroughly dried under reduced pressure. Oncedried, the title compound was obtained as a white solid (435 mg, 85%yield) and was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz): δ 8.52 (br. s., 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 6.45-6.41 (m,1H), 6.19-6.16 (m, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.61 (d, 1H), 3.22 (br. s., 1H),3.07 (d, 1H), 2.92 (br. s., 1H), 1.38-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.24 (m, 1H).MS m/z 259 [M+H]⁺

Step 5: Preparation of 3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-one 1-oxide

A suspension of3-methoxy-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-7,10-methanobenzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-5(6H)-one1-oxide (44.0 mg, 0.17 mmol) in toluene (0.6 mL) and MeOH (0.6 mL) washeated in a sealed flask at 130° C. for 1 h under microwave irradiation.The cap was removed and the reaction was monitored by LCMS. Thisoperation was repeated five times, at which time LCMS showed completeconsumption of the starting material. The resulting solution wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, thus providing the title compoundas a pale yellow solid (33 mg, 99% yield). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ11.78 (br. s., 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.34 (t, 1H), 6.99 (d,1H), 3.91 (s, 3H). MS m/z 193 [M+H]⁺

Step 6: Preparation of3-methoxy-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carbonitrile

To a solution of 3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-one 1-oxide (150 mg,0.776 mmol) in DCM (2.59 mL) was added dimethylcarbamic chloride (125mg, 1.16 mmol) followed by TMSCN (154 mg, 1.55 mmol). DMF (0.2 mL) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 5 h. Volatiles wereremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was purified using silicagel column chromatography eluting with DCM/MeOH to afford the titlecompound as a yellow solid (118 mg, 76% yield). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz): δ 11.73 (br. s., 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.41 (t, 1H), 6.63 (d, 1H),4.08 (s, 3H). MS m/z 202 [M+H]⁺

Step 7: Preparation of5-chloro-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carbonitrile

A dried vial was charged with3-methoxy-5-oxo-5,6-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carbonitrile (150 mg,0.746 mmol), pyridinium hydrochloride (86 mg, 0.746 mmol) and phosphorylchloride (2.76 mL). The reaction was heated at 90° C. for 1 h and thenwas cooled to room temperature. The solution was carefully poured into abeaker containing a stirred mixture of an aqueous Na₂HPO₄ solution andice. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried undervacuum. The title compound was obtained as a beige solid (111 mg, 68%yield) and was used without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400MHz): δ 8.53 (d, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 8.01 (d, 1H), 4.18 (s, 3H). MS m/z220 [M+H]⁺

Step 8: Preparation of5-chloro-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide

A solution of 5-chloro-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carbonitrile (149mg, 0.678 mmol) in DMSO (6.78 mL) was treated with K₂CO₃ (469 mg, 3.39mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5 min, after which time anaqueous solution of 50% hydrogen peroxide (269 uL, 4.75 mmol) was added.After 5 min, the reaction mixture was quenched with dimethyl disulfide(337 mg, 5.43 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 30 min beforethe reaction was filtered through celite. The cake was washed with DCM,then EtOAc, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure togive a DMSO solution which was dried at 45° C. overnight with a streamof nitrogen. The crude material was purified using silica gel columnchromatography eluting with DCM/MeOH to afford the title compound aspale yellow solid (62 mg, 38% yield). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz): δ 8.45(d, 1H), 8.10 (br. s., 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H), 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.84 (br. s.,1H), 4.04 (s, 3H). MS m/z 238 [M+H]⁺

Step 9: Preparation of5-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide

To a solution of(3S,4S,5S)-4-ethyl-3-fluoro-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (38 mg,0.236 mmol) and 5-chloro-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide (59mg, 0.25 mmol) in DMF (1.24 mL) was added KHMDS (0.95 mL, 1.0 M in THF,0.95 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was heated at 50° C. andstirred for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled and quenched withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution and diluted with DCM. The aqueous layerwas extracted with DCM and combined organic layers were washed withbrine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The crude material was purified usingsilica gel column chromatography eluting with DCM/MeOH to afford thetitle compound as an off-white solid (24 mg, 27% yield). ¹H NMR(DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 8.02(br. s., 1H), 7.73 (br. s., 1H), 7.44 (dd, 1H), 4.97-4.83 (m, 1H), 4.61(dd, 1H), 4.23 (dd, 1H), 4.14-4.07 (m, 1H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.68-2.56 (m,1H), 1.63-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.02 (t, 3H). MS m/z 364 [M+H]⁺.

Example 331-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxy-N-methylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

Step 1: Preparation of1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxylicacid

1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide(250 mg, 0.72 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (5 mL) at room temperature thencooled to 0° C. After 5 min, the mixture was treated with NaNO₂ (497 mg,7.20 mmol) and stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was poured intoa beaker of ice water (60 g) with stirring. The aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (60 mL×3) and the organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ to afford crude1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxylicacid. 100% ee. (Column: Chiralpak AD-H 250×4.6 mm I.D., 5 μm Mobilephase: iso-propanol in CO2 from 5% to 40% Flow rate: 2. 5 mL/minRetention Time: 7.8 min Wavelength: 220 nm MS m/e 348.8 [M+H]⁺. Thismaterial was used without further purification in the next reaction.

Step 2: Preparation of1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxy-N-methylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

To a solution of1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxylicacid (70 mg, 0.20 mmol) in DCM (4 mL) were added EDCI (62 mg, 0.32 mmol)and HOBT (46 mg, 0.34 mmol), followed by methylamine hydrochloride (41mg, 0.60 mmol) and DIPEA (130 mg, 1.00 mmol). The pale yellow reactionmixture was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixturewas diluted with 30 mL of EtOAc and washed with 20 mL of saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ solution. The biphasic mixture was filtered and washedwith 3×8 mL of water and 3×6 mL of MTBE. The cake was collected anddried in vacuo to give1-(((2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methoxy)-7-methoxy-N-methylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide(49 mg, 67% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.76(br. s., 1H), 8.35 (br. s., 1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, 1H), 7.71 (s,1H), 7.43 (d, 1H), 5.03-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.57 (d, 1H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 1H),4.04 (br. s., 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 2.82 (d, 3H), 1.09 (d,3H). ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d6,) −200.80 (br. s., 1F). MS m/e 362.0[M+H]⁺.

Biological Activity:

IRAK4 enzymatic DELFIA assay, Protocol A. This is an in vitro assay tomeasure IRAK4 enzymatic activity utilizing the DELFIA(Dissociation-Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescent Immunoassay, Perkin-Elmer)platform, with the human IRAK4 FL (Full Length) construct tocharacterize IRAK4 inhibitor and control compounds at 600 μM ATP(K_(M)). The final amount of enzyme in the assay is 0.1 nM IRAK4 FL,final concentration of substrate is 50 nM, and final concentration ofDMSO is 2.5%.

The test compound was solubilized in DMSO to a stock concentration of 30mM. The dose response plates were prepared with a 4 mM primary compoundconcentration (40-fold multiple of the final in-assay concentration),and diluted in DMSO in a four-fold series for a total of 11 data points.1 μL of the compound dilution plate is spotted into ultra-clearpolypropylene, 384-well, U-bottom plates (Corning Life Sciences).

To begin the assay, 19 μL of reaction mixture containing 20 mM HEPESpH=7.5, 5 mM MgCl₂, 0.0025% Brij-35, 600 μM ATP, 0.21 nM Full-lengthphosphorylated recombinant human IRAK4 (GenBank ID AF445802) arealiquoted into the polypropylene, 384-well, U-bottom plates containing 1μL of test compound, mixed briefly and incubated for 20 minutes at roomtemperature (RT). Then, 20 μL of 20 mM HEPES pH=7.5, 5 mM MgCl₂, 0.0025%Brij-35, 600 μM ATP, and 100 nM ERM-biotinylated peptide(AGAGRDKYKTLRQIR) is added to start the reaction. The reaction isincubated for 60 minutes at RT and stopped by the addition of 20 μL 0.3MEDTA.

50 μL of the reaction mixture was transferred to a streptavidin-coateddetection plate (DELFIA streptavidin coated plates, 384-well, whiteplates, Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences) and incubated for 30 minutes at RT.The plates were washed 4× with 75 μL per well of PBS containing 0.05%Tween-20. Plates were then incubated with 50 μL per well of antibodycocktail of Anti-pERM antibody at 0.125 μg/mL (Cell SignalingTechnology), plus Anti-Rabbit IgG EuN1 at 0.25 μg/ml (Perkin-Elmer LifeSciences) in a solution of 10 mM MOPS pH=7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05%Tween-20, 0.02% NaN₃, 1% BSA, 0.1% Gelatin for 45 minutes. The plateswere then washed as before. 50 μL per well of DELFIA EnhancementSolution (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences) was added to the plate andincubated for 15 minutes at RT prior to being read on an Envision Model2104 multi-label reader using a 340 nm excitation wavelength and a 665nm emission wavelength for detection.

IRAK4 enzymatic DELFIA assay, Protocol B. This is an in vitro assay tomeasure IRAK4 enzymatic activity utilizing the DELFIA(Dissociation-Enhanced Lanthanide Fluorescent Immunoassay, Perkin-Elmer)platform, with inactive, unphosphorylated (0-phos), human IRAK4 FL (FullLength) construct to characterize IRAK4 inhibitor and control compoundsat 600 μM ATP (K_(M)). The final amount of enzyme in the assay is 0.1 nMinactive, 0-phos, IRAK4 FL, final concentration of substrate is 50 nM,and final concentration of DMSO is 2.5%.

The test compound is solubilized in DMSO to a stock concentration of 30mM. The dose response plates were prepared with a 4 mM primary compoundconcentration, serialized in DMSO and spotted (1 μL) into 384-wellpolypropylene plates as before.

To begin the assay, 19 uL of reaction mixture containing 20 mM HEPESpH=7.5, 5 mM MgCl₂, 0.0025% Brij-35, 600 uM ATP, 0.21 nM inactive,0-phos, full-length recombinant human IRAK4 (GenBank ID AF445802) werealiquoted into the polypropylene plates containing 1 μL of test compoundas before. 20 uL of 20 mM HEPES pH=7.5, 5 mM MgCl₂, 0.0025% Brij-35, 600μM ATP, and 100 nM ERM-biotinylated peptide (AGAGRDKYKTLRQIR) was addedto start the reaction, which was run for 90 minutes at RT and stopped bythe addition of 20 μL 0.3M EDTA.

50 μL of the reaction mixture was transferred to a streptavidin-coateddetection plate (DELFIA streptavidin coated plates, 384-well, whiteplates, Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences) and incubated for 30 minutes at RT.The plates were washed 4× with 75 μL per well of PBS containing 0.05%Tween-20. Plates were then incubated with 50 μL per well of antibodycocktail of Anti-pERM antibody at 0.125 μg/mL (Cell SignalingTechnology), plus Anti-Rabbit IgG EuN1 at 0.25 μg/ml (Perkin-Elmer LifeSciences) in a solution of 10 mM MOPS pH=7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.05%Tween-20, 0.02% NaN₃, 1% BSA, 0.1% Gelatin for 45 minutes. The plateswere then washed as before. 50 μL per well of DELFIA EnhancementSolution (Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences) was added to the plate andincubated for 15 minutes at RT prior to being read on an Envision Model2104 multi-label reader using a 340 nm excitation wavelength and a 665nm emission wavelength for detection.

TABLE 1 Delfia Delfia Protocol Protocol A B IRAK4 IRAK4 Example IC50IC50 No. (nM) (nM) IUPAC NAME 1 7.5 28-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide 2 188 44-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 3 2900 2304-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 4 112 104-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 5 3.7 1.14-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 6 227 3.04-(4-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 7 57 3.24-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 8 2100 1904[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 9 89 4.34-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 10 >100000 57001-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6- carboxamide11 >100000 13001-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-[(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]isoquinoline-6- carboxamide12 >100000 65001-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(1H-imidazol-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 13 >100000 120001-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-{[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-Asulfonyl]aminol-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 14 29000 150004-{[(1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-Asulfonyl]aminol-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 15 2.2 0.54-amino-1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 16 4500 3901-{[(4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 17 20.7 1.21-{[(4S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 18 16000 8701-{[(4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 19 5.4 0.61-(((4S,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 21 38.5 211-{[(4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 22 26000 17001-{[(4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 23 1450 1101-{[(4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 24 5.2 0.81-{[(4S,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 25 47 2.74-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide 26 7.7 0.34-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide 27 0.8 0.15-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide 28 1900 NT(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carboxamide 29 4200 3507-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide 30 4300 1517-methoxy-1-{[(1S,5S)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 31 >100000 1200.07-methoxy-1-{[(1R,5R)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide 32 27 4.55-{[(25,35,45)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide 33 NT 20001-{[(25,35,45)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-N-methylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide

1-2. (canceled)
 3. A compound of Formula IIc, IIe, IIf, IIg, IIh, IIi,IIl, IIm, IIn, IIo, IIp, IIq, IIr, IIs, IIt, IIu, IIv, or IIx:

wherein R¹ is C₁-C₆alkyl or —(C₁-C₆alkyl)_(n)(C₁-C₆cycloalkyl), whereinthe alkyl or cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with deuterium,halogen, CN, OH, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R² is hydrogen; R³ is hydrogen,deuterium, halogen, nitrile, —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b), —(CH₂)_(t)(6- to10-membered aryl) or a —(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-membered heteroaryl), havingone to three heteroatoms selected from N, O or S, wherein said aryl orheteroaryl is optionally substituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl,deuterium, halogen, CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆ alkyl, or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R^(4a)and R^(4b) are each independently hydrogen, fluorine, OH, C₁-C₃ alkoxy,or CH₂OR⁷, wherein R⁷ taken together with R¹ is a C₁-C₄alkylene,optionally substituted with halogen or alkyl; R^(5a) and R^(5b) areindependently hydrogen, C₁-C₃ alkyl, or C₁-C₃-alkoxy, wherein said alkylor alkoxy is optionally substituted with one to three deuterium,halogen, OH or CN; or R^(5a) and R^(5b) taken together with the atom towhich they are bonded forms a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl or C₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl,wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl is optionally substitutedwith one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN or C₁-C₃alkyl; R⁶ ishydrogen or C₁-C₃ alkyl; or R^(5b) and R⁶ taken together with the atomsto which they are bonded form a C₃-C₇cycloalkyl orC₃-C₇heterocycloalkyl, wherein said cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl isoptionally substituted with one to three deuterium, halogen, OH, CN orC₁-C₃alkyl; R^(8a) and R^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹or —C(O)R⁹; R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl,or a 5- to 10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms,wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionallysubstituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy orC₁-C₆ hydroxy; n is 0 or 1; t is 0, 1, 2 or 3; or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.
 4. The compound of claim 3 wherein R¹ isC₁-C₆alkyl; R² is hydrogen; R³ is hydrogen, deuterium,—(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b), —(CH₂)_(t)(6- to 10-membered aryl) or a—(CH₂)_(t)(5- to 10-membered heteroaryl), having one to threeheteroatoms selected from N, O or S, wherein said aryl or heteroaryl isoptionally substituted by one to three C₁-C₆alkyl, deuterium, halogen,CN, OH, hydroxyC₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy; R⁶ is hydrogen; R^(8a) andR^(8b) are each independently hydrogen, —S(O)₂R⁹ or —C(O)R⁹; R⁹ isC₁-C₆alkyl, C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, or a 5- to10-membered heteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms, wherein saidalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted by oneto three C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy; andt is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 5. Thecompound of claim 4 wherein the aryl and heteroaryl of R³ is selectedfrom phenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl and oxazolyl, optionally substitutedby one or two C₁-C₆alkyl or C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl; or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.
 6. The compound of claim 4 wherein R³ ishydrogen, deuterium or —(CH₂)_(t)NR^(8a)R^(8b); R^(8a) and R^(8b) areeach independently hydrogen or —S(O)₂R⁹; R⁹ is C₁-C₆alkyl,C₁-C₆cycloalkyl, 6- to 10-membered aryl, or a 5- to 10-memberedheteroaryl, having one to three heteroatoms, wherein said alkyl,cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl are optionally substituted by one tothree C₁-C₆alkyl, halogen, CN, OH, C₁-C₆ alkoxy or C₁-C₆ hydroxy; and tis 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 7-10.(canceled)
 11. A compound selected from:8-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-2-methoxyquinoline-3-carboxamide;4-(1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(4-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(4,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-(5-methyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)-4-[(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)amino]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-[(1H-imidazol-4-ylsulfonyl)amino]-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-4-{[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-{[(1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)sulfonyl]amino}-1-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-amino-1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-(propan-2-yloxy)isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-(((4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-yl)methoxy)-7-isopropoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4S,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4R,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4R,7R)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;1-{[(4S,7S)-7-fluoro-6-oxo-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-4-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxyisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;4-{[(2S,3R)-3-ethyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide;4-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-6-methoxyisoquinoline-7-carboxamide;5-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide;(3S,6R)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10-octahydro-12,14-(ethanediylidene)-3,6-methanopyrido[2,3-l][1,4,11,8]trioxazacyclopentadecine-19-carboxamide;7-methoxy-1-[(3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)methoxy]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;7-methoxy-1-{[(1S,5S)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxy}isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;7-methoxy-1-{[(1R,5R)-3-oxo-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl]methoxy}isoquinoline-6-carboxamide;5-{[(2S,3S,4S)-3-ethyl-4-fluoro-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-3-methoxy-1,6-naphthyridine-2-carboxamide;and1-{[(2S,3S,4S)-4-fluoro-3-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy}-7-methoxy-N-methylisoquinoline-6-carboxamide;or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
 12. (canceled)
 13. Amethod of treating systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis,rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or atopic dermatitis, in a humancomprising administering to the human in need of such treatment atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 11, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. (canceled)
 15. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 11, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least onepharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, diluent or carrier.
 16. Apharmaceutical combination comprising a therapeutically effective amountof: a first compound; a second compound; and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier, vehicle, or diluent; wherein the first compound is acompound of claim 11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; thesecond compound is selected from the group consisting of acorticosteroid, hydroxychloroquine, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine,mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate, janus kinase inhibitor, statin,calcipotriene, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensinreceptor blocker. 17-18. (canceled)
 19. The combination of claim 16wherein the second compound is a janus kinase inhibitor.
 20. Thecombination of claim 19 wherein the janus kinase inhibitor is selectedfrom ruxolitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib, Decernotinib, Cerdulatinib,JTE-052, Peficitinib, GLPG-0634, INCB-47986, INCB-039110, PF-04965842,XL-019, ABT-494, R-348, GSK-2586184, AC-410, BMS-911543 and PF-06263276.